In this review we have tried to cover the direct mounting techniques currently in use and, through micrographs kindly supplied by our colleagues, to illustrate uses of the different methods. For the novice, it is important to select one technique, taking time to become acquainted with its use in visualizing simple test samples before applying it to examine more complex structures. We have tried to emphasize the importance of controlling the fixation for two reasons. First, confidence in the fixation step allows one to correlate structures observed by EM with structures present in solution. Second, fixation of otherwise labile samples allows one to apply powerful purification techniques.