Background/Objectives: Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), particularly EPA and DHA, have anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating properties for treating atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between plasma fatty acid profiles, omega-3 status, and statin efficacy in carotid atherosclerosis remains poorly defined. Objectives: This study evaluates plasma and plaque fatty acid (FA) composition, explores their associations with plaque stability, and examines the relationship of omega-3 levels, lipid biomarkers (VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) with statin and β-blocker treatment. A mathematical model was developed to predict the erythrocyte omega-3 index from plasma. Methods: In this case–control study, plasma and carotid plaques of 52 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were analyzed. Plasma was compared with that of 50 healthy controls. FAs were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Plaques were histologically classified as stable or unstable. Results: Atherosclerotic patients showed disturbed FA metabolism, including decreased plasma omega-3 EPA + DHA, SFAs and HUFAs, increased MUFAs, and impaired desaturase and elongase activity. Unstable plaques had higher MUFA and lower HUFA content compared with stable plaques. Significant correlations between plasma EPA + DHA and HDL-C and triglycerides were observed in statin-naïve patients, whereas statins appeared to attenuate these associations. Co-treatment with β-blockers had no significant effect. A validated logit-based model accurately predicted the erythrocyte omega-3 index from plasma (R² = 0.782). Conclusions: Altered plasma and plaque FA profiles correlate with atherosclerosis’s plaque instability and inflammatory lipid profiles. Statins significantly influence these associations, suggesting their complex interaction with lipid metabolism. Plasma measurements of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with predictive modelling may be beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring in carotid atherosclerosis.

Extramammary Paget’s disease is a rare malignant tumor that frequently presents in areas rich in apocrine glands, most often affecting the skin of the perianal area: the labia minora, clitoris, scrotum, penis, skin of the lower abdomen, and inguinal folds. Tumors localized outside the perianal region are relatively rare. We present a clinical case of a 70-year-old patient with a tumor localized on the skin of the right axillary region, with clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. The diagnosis of extramammary Paget’s disease with atypical localization is relatively difficult to reach in time, as tumors are often mistakenly considered as inflammatory skin lesions, and the appropriate treatment may therefore be delayed.

Background: Male infertility is a pressing clinical and social issue, affecting approximately 30–50% of infertile couples. Despite extensive research, the etiology remains unknown in a considerable proportion of cases, underscoring the need for molecular genetic investigations into spermatogenesis disorders. Methods: the study enrolled 187 European men (68 fertile, 119 infertile). Infertile patients were stratified into four subgroups: azoospermia (n = 28), asthenozoospermia (n = 32), teratozoospermia (n = 25), and oligozoospermia (n = 34). Genotyping was performed for polymorphisms in folate metabolism (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, MTRR A66G), redox system (CAT-262C > T, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTP1 Ala114Val), phosphodiesterase (PDE7B G/A), and selenoprotein (SEPS1 G-105A) genes. Statistical analyses included χ² tests, logistic regression, genetic risk score (GRS) calculation, and ROC analysis, with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons (FDR, q < 0.05 considered significant). Groups were comparable in age, BMI, and hormonal profiles. Results: in oligozoospermia, nominal associations were detected with MTR A2756G (OR = 2.70; p = 0.003), CAT-262T (OR = 3.12; p = 0.0005), and SEPS1 G-105A (OR = 3.45; p = 0.0001); after FDR correction, only CAT and SEPS1 remained significant. Multivariate regression, adjusting for age, BMI, and hormones, confirmed independent associations for CAT (aOR = 2.34; p = 0.002; q = 0.04) and SEPS1 (aOR = 2.89; p = 0.0001; q = 0.002). MTR A2756G showed nominal associations with astheno-, terato-, and oligozoospermia, but none survived FDR correction. CAT-262T was associated with oligozoospermia (q = 0.04) and borderline with asthenozoospermia (q = 0.08); SEPS1 was significantly associated with both asthenozoospermia (q = 0.04) and oligozoospermia (q = 0.004). GRS was highest in oligozoospermia (3.4 ± 1.5) and significantly elevated in asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia (3.1 ± 1.2 and 3.2 ± 1.4, respectively), but not in azoospermia (2.3 ± 1.1; p = 0.087). GRS ≥ 3 was found in 64.7% of infertile men vs. 26.5% of fertile controls, corresponding to a 5-fold increased risk (χ² = 22.4; p < 0.001). The combined GRS achieved an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.81), with 68.2% sensitivity and 76.5% specificity at a cut-off of ≥3. No associations with azoospermia reached significance for any polymorphism; this subgroup had limited power (n = 28). Conclusions: in this exploratory study, CAT and SEPS1 polymorphisms demonstrated FDR-significant associations with oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia in European men. The cumulative genetic score (AUC = 0.74) may serve as a useful tool for risk stratification, but these findings require replication in larger independent cohorts before clinical translation.