According to population-based studies, lung cancer is the prominent reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide in males and is also rising in females at an alarming rate. Sorafenib (SOR), which is approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, is a multitargeted protein kinase inhibitor. Additionally, SOR is the subject of interest for preclinical and clinical trials in lung cancer. This study was designed to assess in vivo the possible effects of sorafenib (SOR) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced lung carcinogenesis and examine its probable mechanisms of action. A total of 30 adult male rats were divided into three groups (1) control, (2) DEN, and (3) DEN + SOR. The chemical induction of lung carcinogenesis was performed by injection of DEN intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg once a week for two weeks. The DEN-administered rats were co-treated with SOR of 10 mg/kg by oral gavage for 42 alternate days. Serum and lung tissue samples were analyzed to determine SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX-2) levels. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were measured in lung tissue supernatants. Lung sections were analyzed for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) histopathologically. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. SOR reduced the level of SOX-2 that maintenance of cancer stemness and tumorigenicity, and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Histopathological analysis demonstrated widespread inflammatory cell infiltration, disorganized alveolar structure, hyperemia in the vessels, and thickened alveolar walls in DEN-induced rats. The damage was markedly reduced upon SOR treatment. Further, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis also revealed increased expression of COX-2 and JNK expression in DEN-intoxicated rats. However, SOR treatment alleviated the expression of these inflammatory markers in DEN-induced lung carcinogenesis. These findings suggested that SOR inhibits DEN-induced lung precancerous lesions through decreased inflammation with concomitant in reduced SOX-2 levels, which enables the maintenance of cancer stem cell properties.

Studies are showing that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) increases diaphragmatic excursion by decreasing hyperinflation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of knowledge about its effects on the diaphragm thickness (dt) and contractility. This study aims to evaluate the dt and contractility before and after PR in patients with COPD. All subjects participated in an out-patient PR of 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week prospectively. Dyspnea severity, the disease-specific quality of life (St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire-SGRQ), pulmonary function tests (PFT), exercise capacity, the dt at the end of the expiration and at maximal inspiration (B-mode ultrasound) were evaluated at baseline and after PR. A total of 34 patients with a mean age and FEV1 61.05 ± 8.22 years and 57.9 ± 20.4% predicted respectively showed improvements in exercise capacity and some items of PFT and SGRQ. Diaphragmatic thickness at the end of the expiration also significantly improved regardless of the disease severity and was positively correlated with functional performance. The 6-weeks of PR didn't result in a significant difference in diaphragm contractility.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in differentiating prostate cancer (PCa) from prostatitis foci. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included 81 biopsy-proven lesions (44 prostatitis and 37 PCa). Normalized T2-signal intensity (nT2SI) and SI on diffusion-weighted imaging (b=1000 and 2000 mm2/s), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, peak SI, SI at the end of the dynamic curves, mean peak time, mean enhancement percentage, and washout percentage obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI) were measured. Results: nT2SI (3.8 vs. 3.2, p=0.003) and ADC values (0.685×10−3 mm2/s vs. 0.874×10−3 mm2/s, p

Metastases and primary malignancies are common in the liver. Local ablative applications such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) provide minimally invasive and safe treatment in unresectable liver tumors. Early detection of response to treatment prevents unnecessary toxicity and cost in non-responder patients and provides an earlier use of other options that may be effective. This study aimed to identify the role of ¹⁸F-fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the assessment of early response to TACE and TARE treatments in patients with unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors This single-center study included 63 patients who underwent ¹⁸F-FLT PET/CT for response evaluation after TACE and TARE. After excluding 20 patients whose data were missing 43 TARE-receiving patients were analyzed. The compatibility of change in semi-quantitative values obtained from the ¹⁸F-FLT PET/CT images with the treatment responses detected in ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT, CT, and MR images and survival was evaluated. There was no correlation between early metabolic, morphological response, and ¹⁸F-FLT uptake pattern, and change in standardized uptake values (SUV) which were ΔSUV_max, ΔSUV_mean, ΔSUV_peak., ΔSUV_mean, Δ SUV_peak values. There was no significant correlation between ¹⁸F-FLT uptake pattern, ΔSUV_max, ΔSUV_mean, ΔSUV_peak, and overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS) for the target lobe PFS for the whole-body. The survival distributions for the patients with >30% change in Δ SUV_max and ΔSUV_peak values were statistically significantly longer than the patients with <30% change (p<0.009 and p<0.024, respectively). There was significant longer PFS for target liver lobe in patients with more than 30% decrease in ¹⁸F-FLT SUV_max and SUV_peak of the liver lesion in primary and metastatic unresectable liver tumors undergoing TARE.

This study assessed the quality, reliability, and popularity of Reformer Pilates videos on YouTube, evaluating educational value, credibility, and viewer engagement using standardized scoring while exploring factors affecting popularity. On November 1, 2024, a YouTube search for “Reformer Pilates“ identified the top 70 most-viewed videos. Videos were excluded if irrelevant, promotional, or under 25 seconds. Video quality and reliability were assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and JAMA benchmarks. Viewer engagement and popularity were measured with the Video Power Index (VPI). Factors associated with engagement were analyzed using Quantile Regression Forest modeling. Most videos (87.1%) were uploaded by individual channels, 12.9% by Pilates studios. Average GQS (3.06), mDISCERN (3.09), and JAMA (2.61) scores indicated moderate quality and reliability. Videos claiming instructor expertise had lower mDISCERN scores (p = 0.005). Studio-recorded videos had higher GQS scores than home-recorded videos, though not statistically significant. Quantile Regression Forest analysis indicated that mentioning safety information, shorter video duration, and higher GQS scores were among the factors associated with higher viewer engagement (VPI). Older videos tended to exhibit lower engagement levels, reflecting a preference for newer content. Findings highlight the importance of high-quality, concise, and safety-focused Reformer Pilates videos, as these characteristics are associated with higher engagement and popularity. Content creators may benefit from prioritizing these factors to attract and retain audiences, underscoring YouTube’s role in delivering potentially reliable Pilates content.