The Forbush effects (FEs) in cosmic rays associated with interplanetary disturbances caused by the disappearance of solar filaments (DSFs) outside active regions (ARs) are considered. In total, 481 FEs were detected for 1995–2023 using the database of Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances (FEID). The behavior of the cosmic ray density was calculated using the Global Survey Method (GSM). The distributions of the FE numbers depending on their duration and magnitude, as well as on the characteristics of the interplanetary and near-Earth medium, were obtained. It is found that the average duration of such FEs (33.4 ± 0.5 h) is almost the same as for events associated with CMEs from ARs, but the average magnitude is much smaller (0.83 ± 0.03%). It is also shown that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused by DSFs are often low-speed interplanetary disturbances (with an average maximum SW speed of 423.2 ± 3.5 km/s), the velocities of which are close to the speed of the background solar wind (SW). During FEs associated with CMEs after DSFs outside ARs, on average, unsettled geomagnetic activity is observed. Magnetic storms were recorded only in 19% of events. Lower values of FE magnitude and geomagnetic activity are associated with weakened magnetic fields and low speeds of such interplanetary disturbances.

An intensive disturbance of the heliosphere originating from a series of solar flares at the end of May 2025 revealed itself as an extremely strong Forbush decrease in the flux of galactic cosmic rays, which was observed at the worldwide network of neutron monitoring starting from 1 June 2025. Together with an effect on the intensity of cosmic rays measured at a height of 3340 m a.s.l. by a standard NM64 neutron supermonitor of the Tien Shan High-Mountain Cosmic Ray Station, the impact of this event was detected here as a synchronous depression in the counting rates of thermal neutrons and hard gamma rays, the background intensity of which is also continuously tracked in the environment of the station. This observation may be profitable for development of an alternative technique applicable for studying large disturbances in the heliosphere, besides using the traditional method of neutron monitor. An analysis of the frequency of the events of multiple-neutron generation in the Tien Shan supermonitor demonstrated that the influence of the heliosphere disturbance on the hadronic component of cosmic rays did most distinctively reveal itself in the energy range of (3–20) GeV.

Large episodes of solar activity of the 25th cycle, an extreme Forbush decrease event on 19 January 2026, a series of Forbush effects in November 2025, and an event of ground-level enhancement (GLE 77) on 11 November 2025 have left prominent traces in the monitoring data obtained at a height of 3340 m a.s.l. from the detector facilities of the Tien Shan High-Mountain Cosmic Ray Station. The effects these events have caused on the flux of galactic cosmic rays in the several-GeV energy range, as registered with the standard NM64-type neutron supermonitor, are compared here with their influence on the local neutron and gamma radiation background in the high-mountain environment, which was observed in the counting rate records of the thermal neutron and MeV-order-energy gamma radiation detectors also installed at the station.

Changes in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays on Earth and beyond the boundary of the magnetosphere occur earlier than an increase in the flux of high-energy magnetospheric electrons with energy >2 MeV in the geostationary orbit, so the behavior of galactic cosmic rays before and during electron flux enhancements can provide valuable information about the processes occurring in near-Earth space at this time. The density and vector anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays for 453 events of high-energy magnetospheric electron flux enhancements over the period 1996-2020 were calculated by the Global Survey Method (GSM). Some examples of these events, which are characteristic of different classes of solar sources, are considered. The behavior of the density and vector anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays before and during electron flux enhancements in events connected with the arrival at Earth of high-speed streams from coronal holes, coronal mass ejections associated with solar flares or disappearing solar filaments is revealed.