Background/Objectives: Non-receptive endometrium is associated with recurrent implantation failure, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of pregnancy during IVF; therefore, new treatment methods such as the use of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) are gaining popularity in the treatment of infertility in women with repeated unsuccessful IVF attempts. Methods: A total of 38 women were included in this study, with the main complaint being the inability to conceive or maintain pregnancy. Medical examination, laboratory tests, ultrasound of the pelvic organs and hysteroscopy were performed. After that, whole blood was taken to prepare an autologous PRP; then, the PRP was inserted into the uterine using an intrauterine catheter in the first phase of the menstrual cycle (1–7 procedures). The primary outcome of this study was an increase in endometrial thickness and improvement of the receptive endometrial layer. The secondary outcome was pregnancy rate. This was a single-center prospective interventional clinical study. Results: Statistical analysis of changes in endometrial thickness after PRP therapy showed that endometrial thickness indicators after treatment significantly exceeded the values before the intervention. This may be evidence of the effectiveness of PRP therapy for thin endometrium. When analyzing pregnancy status, it was noted that after receiving PRP, more than half (56% of cases) became pregnant and the majority of them successfully gave birth. Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that intrauterine injection of PRP may be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of thin endometrium and associated infertility. The use of PRP demonstrated effectiveness in increasing the thickness of the endometrium, regardless of pregnancy, while the secondary indicator was the frequency of successful pregnancies among the participants.

В статье представлены результаты анализа данных литературных источников по роли лейкоцитарных антител при трансплантации органов. При трансплантации адаптивный иммунитет считается основным ответом на пересаженную ткань, в котором важную роль играют антигены лейкоцитов человека, представляющие собой молекулы основного комплекса гистосовместимости, экспрессируемые на поверхности донорских клеток. Учитывая роль HLA-антител при трансплантации солидных органов, необходимо не только определить процентное содержание панели реактивных антител, но и их специфичность к локусам DQ и DP. При наличии антител в обязательном порядке следует определить их специфичность к донорским антигенам (DSA). Следовательно, донор должен быть типизирован по локусам HLA -A*,B*, C*, DRB1*, DQ*, DP*. Кроме того, жизненно важно разделять комплементсвязывающие и несвязывающие антитела. Также важно правильно выбрать метод исследования антител. Учитывая, что наиболее чувствительным методом на сегодняшний день является технология микросфер (Luminex), для диагностики DSA следует использовать одну антигенную гранулу с установлением значения пор положительной реакции интенсивности флуоресценции для конкретной лаборатории. Мақалада ағзаларды трансплантациялаудағы лейкоциттік антиденелердің рөлі туралы әдеби дереккөздердің деректерін талдау нәтижелері келтірілген. Трансплантация кезінде адаптивті иммунитет трансплантацияланған тінге негізгі жауап болып саналады, онда донорлық жасушалардың бетінде көрсетілген негізгі гистосәйкестік кешенінің молекулалары болып табылатын адамның ақ қан жасушаларының антигендері маңызды рөл атқарады. Қатты мүшелерді трансплантациялаудағы HLA антиденелерінің рөлін ескере отырып, реактивті антиденелер панелінің пайызын ғана емес, сонымен қатар олардың DQ және DP локустарына ерекшелігін анықтау қажет. Егер антиденелер болса, олардың донорлық антигендерге (DSA) ерекшелігі міндетті түрде анықталуы керек. Сондықтан донорды HLA-A*,B*, C*, drb1*, DQ*, DP*локустары бойынша теру керек. Сонымен қатар, комплемент байланыстыратын және байланыспайтын антиденелерді бөлу өте маңызды. Антиденелерді дұрыс зерттеу әдісін таңдау да маңызды. Бүгінгі таңда ең сезімтал әдіс микросфера технологиясы (Luminex) екенін ескере отырып, DSA диагностикасы үшін белгілі бір зертхана үшін флуоресценция қарқындылығының оң реакциясының кеуек мәнін анықтайтын бір антигендік түйіршікті пайдалану керек. Organ and tissue transplantation is one of the main methods of treating organ insufficiency. In transplants, adaptive immunity is considered to be the main response to the transplanted tissue, in which human leukocyte antigens, which are molecules of the basic histocompatibility complex, expressed on the surface of donor cells, play an important role. We aimed to analyze the literature data on the role of leukocyte antibodies in organ transplantation. Considering the role of HLA antibodies in solid organ transplantation, it is necessary not only to determine the percentage of reactive antibody panel, but also their specificity to the DQ and DP loci. In the presence of antibodies, it should be mandatory to determine their specificity to donor antigens (DSA). Consequently, the donor should be typed by HLA loci-A*,B*,C*,DRB1*, DQ*, DP*. Additionally, it is vital to separate complement binding and non-binding antibodies. It is also important to choose the right method of antibody research. Given that the most sensitive method today is the microsphere technology (Luminex), Single antigen bead should be used to diagnose DSA with the establishment of a pore value of a positive fluorescence intensity reaction for a specific laboratory.

Введение. Большинство случаев инфекций вирусом гепатита Е (ВГЕ)в мире происходят из за загрязненной воды или продуктов питания. Также наблюдается рост случаев передачи ВГЕ через переливание крови от доноров. Ежегодно в мире регистрируется около 20 миллионов случаев инфекции ВГЕ, из которых у примерно 3,3 миллиона человек наблюдаются симптомы, а 56 600 случаев заканчиваются летальным исходом. Учитывая растущую серологическую распространенность гепатита Е среди населения мира может приводить к серьезным клиническим последствиям у пациентов, которым наиболее необходима трансфузия. Необходимость скрининга на ВГЕ становится актуальной, значительной и общественно здравоохранительной проблемой, как для развивающихся, так и для развитых стран. Целью исследования являлось определение распространенности ВГЕ и выявление факторов риска среди доноров крови в Казахстане. Оценка проводилась путем тестирования генетического материала ВГЕ в плазме донорской крови и анализа сопутствующих рисков. Материалы и методы. Образцы крови доноров тестировались на РНК ВГЕ с помощью ПЦР на автоматическом анализаторе Cobas 6800 (Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Стамбул, Турция) с объединением 6 образцов.В исследовании применялись как лабораторные тесты, так и социологические опросы, что обеспечивает всестороннее понимание распространенности гепатита Е. Был разработан опросник для определения социодемографических характеристик и привычек питания доноров. Результаты. Были исследованы образцы крови 16147 доноров (6,8% от общего числа доноров за год). У доноров из учреждений службы крови Южного, Северного, Западного и Восточного регионов Казахстана не было обнаружено РНК вируса гепатита Е. Данный факт свидетельствует об эффективности мер по скринингу и безопасности,реализованных в учреждениях крови Казахстана. Выводы. В данном исследовании впервые в Казахстане был проведен скрининг доноров крови на ВГЕ среди здоровых людей, а также изучены их демографические и поведенческие характеристики. Полученные результаты показывают отсутствие актуальности проблемы ВГЕ среди доноров крови в Казахстане в настоящее время. Тем не менее,включение маркеров ВГЕ в стандарт скрининга донорской крови повышает безопасность компонентов донорской крови и приводит к увеличению числа списаний компонентов крови, непригодных для переливания, что также вызывает финансовые потери. Introduction. The majority of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections worldwide are due to contaminated water or food sources. There is also a rising incidence of HEV transmission through blood transfusions from donors. Annually, approximately 20 million cases of HEV infection are reported globally, with symptoms in about 3.3 million individuals and 56,600 fatalities. Given the increasing serological prevalence of hepatitis E, which can lead to serious clinical consequences for patients who most need transfusions, HEV screening is becoming a significant public health issue in both developing and developed countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus and identify risk factors among blood donors in Kazakhstan. The assessment was carried out by testing HEV genetic material in donor plasma and analyzing associated risks. Materials and Methods. Donor blood samples were tested for HEV RNA using PCR on the Cobas 6800 automatic analyzer (Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Istanbul, Turkey), with the combination of 6 samples. Both laboratory tests and sociological surveys were used in the study to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of hepatitis E. A questionnaire was developed to assess the socio demographic characteristics and dietary habits of the donors. Results. Blood samples from 16,147 donors (6.8% of the total number of donors for the year) were examined. No HEV RNA was detected in donors from blood service institutions in the Southern, Northern, Western, and Eastern regions of Kazakhstan. This finding indicates the effectiveness of screening and safety measures implemented in Kazakhstan's blood institutions....

Objective. To assess the level of blood donors` satisfaction with the services provided by the Research and Production Center of Transfusiology in Astana for the period from 2022 to 2024 and to formulate recommendations for improving the quality of these services. Materials and methods. The donors` questionnaire included four questions regarding the availability of donor information, the quality of staff work during the manipulations and procedures, the level of staff communication skills and the conditions of stay in the RPCT. To assess the conditions for providing medical services to donors, a scale with the following points was proposed: excellent – 5 points, good – 4 points, normal – 3 points, bad – 2 points, very bad – 1 point. The processing of the survey results was carried out using the functionality of pivot tables in the Microsoft Excel program and descriptive statistics. Results. The final data on the conducted research demonstrate that most of the donors are satisfied with the quality of services provided by the RPCT on the 4 surveyed items: accessability of donor information, the quality of staff work during the manipulations and procedures, the level of staff communication skills and the conditions of stay in the RPCT. However, isolated negative answers which were recorded, allows us to conclude that there are some aspects in the provision of services to donors that can be improved. Conclusions. For further improvement of the availability of donor information, it is recommended to expand information materials, make more active use of digital and social platforms, introduce visual and interactive content, and study the information needs of donors regularly. This will increase satisfaction and attract more regular participants to the donor movement.

In Kazakhstan, the main burden in the structure of the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system is made by myocardial infarction, the overall incidence of which tends to increase (from 71.9‰ in 2016 to 127.6‰ in 2020). Therefore, according to the national health project of the Republic of Kazakhstan, reducing mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Kazakhstan is one of the main vectors of the national health policy. The article presents a literature review of scientific publications on genetic testing for predisposition to myocardial infarction in a number of countries, such as the USA, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia, Korea, Japan, France, Thailand, Ukraine, Belarus. The review of scientific publications was carried out by keywords in Russian and English in scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Cochrane, Web of Science and Cyberleninka. Testing makes it possible to identify a priority group of patients at increased risk of developing myocardial infarction, and further develop personalized programs for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in practical healthcare.