Purpose: The purpose of this study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the Polish subpopulation, performed to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment (ET) and the condition of the periapical tissues of permanent teeth based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Material and methods: The retrospective study included a group of patients who underwent CBCT at the University Dental Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. An endodontically treated tooth index (ETTI) was used to evaluate ET. Once apical periodontitis was recognised, the size, extent, and ratio of adjacent anatomical structures were assessed using the complex periapical index (COPI).Results: Analysis of the CBCT images showed that ET was performed in 9.9% of the teeth examined, of which 52.7% of the canals were treated correctly, while 28.1% of the root canals were found to be underfilled, 6.8% were overfilled, 9.3% of the root canals were not obturated at all, and in 3.1% of the teeth examined, the filling material was only visible in the pulp chamber. Apical periodontitis was observed in 6% of all teeth examined, while the percentage of teeth following ET was 38.5%.Conclusions: The quality of the ET provided to the Polish subpopulation is unsatisfactory. Lack of root canal filling homogeneity is a significant risk factor for ET failure. Improper ET and poor quality of crown restoration after ET have an impact on the increased risk of occurrence, size, degree of root coverage, and extent of inflammatory periapical lesions in relation to adjacent anatomical structures.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal cycling on the surface geometry of high-viscosity bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) compared to conventional nanohybrid composites.Materials and methods: Four conventional nanohybrid composites (Tetric EvoCeram – TEC, GrandioSO – GD, Filtek Z550 – FZ, and Ceram·X Mono – CX) and 4 high-viscosity bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill – TBF, X-tra fil – XF, Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior – FBF, and QuixFil – QF) were tested. After the 2-step polishing procedure, the samples were divided into 2 groups: control group (K) and thermal cycling group (TC). Samples from the TC were subjected to thermal cycling according to ISO 11405 (THE-1100, SD Mechatronik GmbH). Surface geometry was evaluated by profilometry (Turbowave v. 7.36, Hommel-Etamic) and scanning electron microscope – SEM (VEGA 3, Tescan Analytics).Results: The applied thermal cycles increased the surface roughness of conventional RBCs: TEC (p = 0.000007), GD (p = 0.04), and CX (p = 0.0005). A reduction in the surface roughness of bulk-fill composites was observed in the case of materials: XF (p = 0.000003) and QF (p = 0.0002). Thermal cycling was shown to alter the surface roughness of the TEC, CX, XF, and QF materials. Conclusion: The application of thermal cycling in a water environment in accordance with the ISO 11405 standard causes the degradation of the organic matrix and the exposure of filler molecules on the surface of both conventional and high-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Some of the tested RBCs, especially those containing modern hydrophobic monomers, are less susceptible to these processes.

Background The purpose of this study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the population of Szczecin (Poland) performed to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment and the condition of the periapical tissues of permanent teeth based on cone-beam computed tomography images and the influence of the quality of endodontic treatment on the occurrence of periapical lesions. Methods The retrospective study included a group of patients who underwent cone-beam computed tomography at the University Dental Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. An endodontically treated tooth index (ETTI) was used to evaluate endodontic treatment. Once apical periodontitis was recognised, the size, extent and ratio of adjacent anatomical structures were assessed using the complex periapical index (COPI). The ETTI and COPI indicators mentioned above are combined to form the Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PESS). Results Analysis of the cone-beam computed tomography images showed that endodontic treatment was performed in 9.9% of the teeth examined, of which 52.7% of the canals were treated correctly, while 28.1% of the root canals were found to be underfilled, 6.8% were overfilled, 9.3% of the root canals were not obturated at all, and in 3.1% of the teeth examined, the filling material was only visible in the pulp chamber. Apical periodontitis was observed in 6% of all teeth examined, while the percentage of teeth following endodontic treatment was 38.5%. Conclusions The quality of the endodontic treatment provided to the population of Szczecin is unsatisfactory. Lack of root canal filling homogeneity is a significant risk factor for endodontic treatment failure. Improper endodontic treatment and poor quality of crown restoration after endodontic treatment have an impact on the increased risk of occurrence, size, degree of root coverage and extent of inflammatory periapical lesions in relation to adjacent anatomical structures.

Radiology facilitates the imaging of two- and three-dimensional structures of hard tissues. Therefore, knowledge of radiological imaging techniques, their proper use, and knowledge of the latest advances have a significant impact on the efficiency of the dentist’s work. A comprehensive literature...

Root resorption is a process that results in the loss of dental hard tissues as a result of odontoclastic action. One of the types of external resorption is external cervical resorption, which usually manifests itself in the cervical aspect of the teeth. Clinically, external root resorption is usually asymptomatic. When external cervical resorption occurs, cervical cavitation, gingival contour irregularity, or pink discoloration of the overlying enamel can often be observed. This case report describes the clinical and radiologic diagnosis (cone beam computed tomography) and treatment of external cervical resorption according to the current guidelines of the European Society of Endodontology. After 4 years, the tooth remained functional and the esthetic effect was satisfactory.

The quality of primary endodontic treatment may be associated with operator experience and canal instrumentation method. This study evaluated the radiograp