Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) induces substantial metabolic, inflammatory, and nutritional changes that can alter hemostatic balance through redox-dependent mechanisms. This systematic review evaluated coagulation disturbances after MBS with emphasis on oxidative stress and micronutrient deficiencies. A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000–2025) identified 1707 records; 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Available evidence suggests that although MBS reduces obesity-related inflammation and oxidative burden in many patients, a proportion of individuals may present with persistent redox imbalance, elevated D-dimer or vWF (von Willebrand Factor), and delayed normalization of fibrinolysis. Micronutrient deficiencies—particularly vitamins K, B12, folate, selenium, zinc, and copper—are common after malabsorptive procedures and contribute to both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications by impairing antioxidant defenses, endothelial function, and vitamin K-dependent coagulation pathways. Postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence ranges from 0.3 to 0.5%, with higher risk after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass than sleeve gastrectomy, while bleeding is primarily associated with vitamin K deficiency, marginal ulcers, and anticoagulant exposure. The findings underscore the interdependence of oxidative stress, nutritional status, and hemostasis after MBS. Individualized thromboprophylaxis, routine detection of micronutrient deficiencies, and long-term biochemical monitoring are essential to maintain hemostatic stability. Standardized redox–hemostasis biomarker panels are needed to clarify mechanistic pathways and improve postoperative preventive strategies.

Introduction: Cold water immersion (CWI), increasingly practiced through activities such as wild swimming, triathlon, and winter swimming, has gained attention for its potential health benefits. Recent scientific studies are beginning to substantiate traditional claims, indicating that regular cold exposure may yield positive physiological and psychological outcomes. These effects are mediated through both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, involving muscle activity and brown adipose tissue, which contribute to thermal homeostasis and may underpin longer-term adaptive health benefits. Aim: The aim of this review paper is to evaluate the effects of cold showers on physical and mental health. Materials and methods: A review of literature available in databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science conducted, using keywords including "cold showers", "health benefits", "immune system" Summary: This review examines current research on the health effects of cold showers, focusing on immunity, cardiovascular health, mood, metabolism, and post-exercise recovery. Evidence suggests cold showers may enhance immune function, improve mood, increase metabolic rate, and support muscle recovery. However, cold exposure can pose risks for individuals with cardiovascular conditions, such as arrhythmias or hypertension. While the benefits are promising, further clinical studies are needed to confirm long-term effects and identify safe, effective protocols for different populations. Conclusions: Regular cold showers may offer health benefits such as improved immunity, enhanced mood, and metabolic support. They can acutely raise blood pressure but may contribute to long-term cardiovascular regulation. Psychological and analgesic effects are likely mediated by sympathetic activation and hormonal responses. Despite promising findings, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety across diverse populations.

Introduction and purpose: In recent years, smartphones and the Internet have significantly affected the daily lives of children, teenagers, and young adults. However, excessive use of smartphones, especially before bedtime, has serious health consequences. The purpose of this study is to review recent research regarding the impact of excessive smartphone use by children and young adults on their sleep (including the ability to fall asleep, total sleep time, and overall sleep quality), systematize existing knowledge, and provide recommendations for sleep hygiene. State of knowledge: Studies show that children and adolescents who spend a lot of time using mobile devices experience difficulty falling asleep, shortened sleep duration, and reduced sleep quality. These sleep problems can lead to serious health consequences, such as depression, anxiety, concentration problems, poor mood, and chronic fatigue. Using mobile devices before bed also affects the psychological processes involved in falling asleep. Activities such as browsing social media, reading the news, or playing games can increase levels of alertness and arousal, making it difficult to enter the relaxed state necessary for falling asleep. Additionally, content absorbed before bedtime can heighten stress and anxiety levels, further reducing sleep quality.

Introduction: In the 21st century, media significantly influences mental health. The TikTok app allows easy creation of videos and its algorithm adapts content to users interests. Aim: The following paper aims to analyse the impact of TikTok on the mental health of young users in the context of mood, eating and addiction disorders. Materials and Methods: Due to the dominance of users aged 16-24 on the TikTok platform, the research focused on the impact of the app on adolescent and young adult mental health. A review of papers available in bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science was conducted, using the keywords: "TikTok", "mental disorders", "mental health", "eating disorders", "social media". Description of knowledge: Using TikTok can have both positive and negative effects. Positive aspects include an increased sense of social connection, reduction of stress and anxiety, and promotion of mental health issues by professionals. However, the app also carries risks, such as addiction, FOMO, misinformation, cyberbullying, impact on sleep quality and exposure to harmful content, and most importantly, exacerbates symptoms of mood and eating disorders. In order to minimise the negative effects of TikTok use, education about the potential risks is necessary. Conclusion: TikTok has the potential to have a positive impact on mental health as long as users use it consciously and in moderation, and the platform, educators and parents take steps to minimise the negative effects of children and young people using the app.

Introduction: Physical activity is vital for the holistic development of children, benefiting physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. Engaging in regular physical activities from an early age fosters a healthy body, emotional and social well-being, and cognitive development. Aim: This study explores the diverse benefits of physical activity on childhood development, focusing on physical health, cognitive functions, social skills, and emotional well-being. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing existing research on the impact of physical activity on various aspects of childhood development. Searches were performed across databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords like "childhood physical activity" and "childhood sport." Results: Physical activity promotes healthy growth, enhances cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, and helps maintain a healthy weight, reducing obesity risks. It improves memory, attention, and executive functions, contributing to better academic performance. Socially, it fosters peer relationships, enhances social skills, and cultivates leadership qualities. Emotionally, it aids in emotional regulation, boosts self-esteem, and reduces anxiety and depression. Discussion: The findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of physical activity on children's development, corroborating existing literature. Despite robust evidence, limitations such as reliance on self-reported data and cross-sectional study designs constrain causal inferences. Future research should use objective measures and longitudinal approaches, considering interactions with diet, sleep, and lifestyle factors. Conclusion: Physical activity significantly benefits childhood development across physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. Addressing limitations in existing research will enhance the understanding and application of physical activity in promoting holistic child development.