Introduction: This systematic review investigates the influence of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on asthma control in pediatric patients.Material and methods: A literature review from 2000 to 2023 based on the databases PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The analysis is distilled down to four studies that revealed positive outcomes in asthma control as gauged by the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), clinical outcomes, and asthma-related chitinase levels.Results: The four studies consistently demonstrated improved asthma control postoperatively in terms of improved ACT scores, reductions in acute asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalisations, and medication usage. Notably, the correlation between improved asthma control and decreased chitinase activity suggests that AT has an impact on molecular markers associated with asthma.Conclusions: The findings underline the potential benefits of AT in pediatric asthma management. However, the limitations of this study include a small number of studies and potential biases related to asthma’s natural course and seasonal variations. While the review provides evidence for the positive impact of AT on asthma control, further research with longer follow-up periods, case-matched controls, and consideration of seasonal factors is recommended.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic, nutritional, and lifestyle-related factors may be associated with tinnitus occurrence and symptom burden. Nutritional status, obesity, and sedentary behavior have been hypothesized to be linked with auditory function, neural excitability, and tinnitus-related outcomes. This scoping review aimed to map and summarize the available evidence on associations between dietary factors, nutrient intake, body mass index (BMI), obesity, physical activity, and tinnitus occurrence, severity, and related clinical outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Eligible designs included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case–control studies, and cross-sectional studies. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Several observational studies reported associations between protein intake, lipid profile, micronutrient status, BMI, obesity, physical activity, and tinnitus-related outcomes. Evidence on antioxidant supplementation was heterogeneous, with some trials reporting favorable changes in tinnitus-related measures and others showing no significant benefit compared with placebo. Elevated BMI, obesity, and altered body composition were generally associated with tinnitus occurrence or greater symptom severity. Randomized trials suggested that structured lifestyle programs involving dietary modification, weight reduction, and physical activity may be associated with improvements in tinnitus severity and quality of life in selected patient groups. Conclusions: The available literature suggests potential associations between nutritional, metabolic, and lifestyle-related factors and tinnitus occurrence or symptom severity. However, the evidence is heterogeneous and largely observational, with inconsistent adjustment for hearing loss, psychological distress, and general health status. Further well-designed prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed before causal or clinical recommendations can be formulated.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic and lifestyle factors may contribute to the onset and progression of tinnitus. Nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and sedentary behavior have been hypothesized to modulate auditory function and neural excitability. This scoping review aimed to map and summarize the available evidence on the associations between dietary factors, nutrient intake, body mass index (BMI), obesity, and physical activity with the risk, severity, and management of tinnitus. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Eligible designs included randomized controlled trials, cohort, case control, and cross-sectional studies. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Higher protein intake and favorable lipid profiles were associated with reduced tinnitus risk and severity. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamins B2, B3, D3, B12, zinc, and iron, were consistently associated with greater symptom burden. Evidence on antioxidant supplementation was inconclusive, with some trials reporting symptomatic improvement and others showing no effect. Elevated BMI and obesity were associated with both tinnitus onset and greater symptom severity. Importantly, randomized trials reported that structured weightloss and physical activity programs were associated with reduced tinnitus severity and improved quality of life. Conclusions: The available literature suggests potential associations between dietary patterns, micronutrient status, obesity, and physical activity with tinnitus risk and symptom severity. Although the current evidence is largely observational, some interventional studies indicate that lifestyle based approaches, including weight management and increased physical activity, may contribute to improvements in tinnitus related symptoms and quality of life.

Research objectives: The objective of this study was to synthesise evidence on resting heart rate (RHR) and heart rate variability (HRV) as biomarkers of biological aging, with a focus on their relationships to multisystem physiological decline across cardiovascular, metabolic, autonomic, and inflammatory domains. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted. Included publications comprised population-based cohorts, mechanistic studies, biomarker analyses, and autonomic assessments evaluating associations between RHR, HRV, biological aging markers, morbidity, and mortality. Key findings: Elevated RHR consistently aligned with signatures of accelerated aging, including adverse cardiometabolic profiles, reduced autonomic flexibility, and increased inflammatory activation. Higher RHR was associated with older brain age, diminished functional resilience, and biomarker patterns characteristic of inflammaging, such as heightened interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Lower RHR corresponded to slower biological aging trajectories. HRV analyses complemented these findings, linking reduced parasympathetic activity and lower variability with diminished physiological adaptability and greater aging burden. Conclusions: RHR emerges as a robust, multidimensional biomarker that integrates signals of cumulative physiological decline and reliably identifies individuals exhibiting accelerated biological aging. Its consistent associations with molecular, functional, and clinical indicators of aging highlight its value as a practical, noninvasive tool for assessing multisystem health status.

Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of many chronic disorders, and inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are frequently used to quantify systemic inflammatory activity. Yoga, a multidimensional mind–body practice combining physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation, has been proposed as an adjunctive strategy to modulate stress-related neuroendocrine pathways and inflammation. This narrative review summarizes and critically discusses evidence on the effects of yoga-based interventions on CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in adults with chronic conditions. The literature was explored using targeted searches of major biomedical databases and relevant reference lists, prioritizing randomized trials and meta-analyses reporting biomarker outcomes. Across clinical contexts—including inflammatory rheumatic disease, cardiovascular risk and post–myocardial infarction rehabilitation, and inflammatory bowel disease—yoga interventions consistently improved patient-reported outcomes such as stress, anxiety, and quality of life. Biomarker findings were heterogeneous: reductions in TNF-α and IL-6 were reported in some settings and protocols, whereas CRP changes were less consistent. Differences in populations, intervention intensity and duration, comparator conditions, and biomarker assessment methods likely contribute to variability across studies. Overall, current evidence suggests yoga may have anti-inflammatory potential in selected chronic disease populations, but more standardized, adequately powered trials with longer follow-up are needed to clarify the magnitude, durability, and mechanisms of biomarker effects.

This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the prevalence and mechanisms of dry eye disease in pilots and aircrew. Included original papers evaluated ocular surface biomarkers, blinking behaviour, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors under real or simulated flight conditions. Dry eye disease is common in aviators. In-flight conditions can destabilize the tear film and induce inflammatory changes, and specific visual demands during flight operation suppress spontaneous blinking. Recent studies also suggest that physical activity may influence tear film stability in this population. Collectively, these findings support a complex model of dry eye disease in pilots.