Bolete specimens collected in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, were identified as Pseudobaorangia lakhanpalii, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The ITS sequences of our collections exhibited a high similarity with Boletus lakhanpalii (99.53% for KEF13271 and 99.44% for KEF13272). However, because of limited molecular data and complex taxonomic relationships of Boletaceae, the phylogenetic placement of B. lakhanpalii could not be clearly determined. This study conducted a phylogenetic analysis by combining nrLSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α genes, and the results showed that this species has a close phylogenetic relationship with Baorangia, sharing some morphological characteristics, but also having several highlighting differences. Therefore, a new genus Pseudobaorangia is proposed with P. lakhanpalii as the type species and its detailed description is provided.

Lyophyllum decastes, commonly known as Luronggu, is extensively cultivated across China. It exhibits rich germplasm in China. However, the number of cultivars available for commercial production is limited, highlighting the importance of targeted breeding programs. In this study, we utilized selected breeding and SSR molecular markers to develop improved strains of L. decastes for the first time. The breeding process strictly adhered to China’s national standard for ‘Technical inspection for mushroom selecting and breeding’. It encompassed pure strain isolation, biological classification, primary screening, secondary screening, physiological performance determination, molecular characterization, intermediate test, and demonstration cultivation. As a result, strain ZJLZS002, known for its high yield (380 ± 3.6 g·bag⁻¹), shortened growth period (75.6 ± 1.3 d), and stable traits, is well suited for industrial cultivation. This new cultivar has achieved a significant milestone as the first variety in China to be officially recognized at the provincial level, under the name ‘Zhongjunluronggu No. 1’. Its development signifies a crucial advancement in achieving seed source independence and promotes the replacement of imported varieties with domestic ones, contributing to the sustainable development of China’s edible fungi industry.

Rhodotus palmatus is commercially marketed as ‘fruity-scented mushroom’, a novel cultivar first brought into commercial cultivation in China at the end of 2023. It is characterized by a distinct pinkish pigmentation, a pileus with a distinct reticulated surface pattern, and an intense fruity aroma. To date, only a few natural strains have been documented in China, and scientific research on this species remains scarce. This study successfully bred a new variety of Rhodotus palmatus and established corresponding efficient techniques for its industrial-scale cultivation. As a result, strain ZJGWG001, known for its short growth cycle (23 d), high yield potential (177.43 ± 10.08 g·bag⁻¹) and biological efficiency (59.1%), and distinctive, stable phenotypic traits, is well suited for industrial cultivation. This cultivar is the first newly registered Rhodotus palmatus variety in China to receive provincial-level certification and has been officially designated as ‘Zhongjunguoweigu No. 1’. It represents an important discovery in the collection and exploration of wild fungal germplasm resources in recent years.