Bolete specimens collected in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, were identified as Pseudobaorangia lakhanpalii, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The ITS sequences of our collections exhibited a high similarity with Boletus lakhanpalii (99.53% for KEF13271 and 99.44% for KEF13272). However, because of limited molecular data and complex taxonomic relationships of Boletaceae, the phylogenetic placement of B. lakhanpalii could not be clearly determined. This study conducted a phylogenetic analysis by combining nrLSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α genes, and the results showed that this species has a close phylogenetic relationship with Baorangia, sharing some morphological characteristics, but also having several highlighting differences. Therefore, a new genus Pseudobaorangia is proposed with P. lakhanpalii as the type species and its detailed description is provided.

Stropharia daliensis sp. nov., collected from Dali, Yunnan, China, is proposed based on morphological and molecular analyses. It is characterized by its viscid to glutinous basidiomata, light reddish-brown to reddish-orange pileus covered with white to light yellow squamules, stipe evanescent annulus in the upper part of the stipe, below the annulus densely covered light yellow triangular squamules, acanthocytes absent. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and nrLSU confirmed the phylogenetic placement of the new species. A comprehensive description, line drawings of microstructures, and comparisons with morphologically similar species are provided in this paper.

A morphological and phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on a new species, Aureoboletus pseudorussellii, belonging to the genus Aureoboletus Pouzar (nrLSU + TEF1-α) and provided a detailed description. It grows on the ground under the mixed forest of Fagaceae and Pinaceae in Zhejiang Province, and is named after its similarity to A. russellii. The distinctive features of this species include a pileus uncracked in maturity, with a subtomentose surface, which darkens to reddish brown to blackish brown when injured. It is also marked by a yellowish white to white short veil at the margin. The stipe is adorned with prominent white to pale reddish brown carinate stripes, and its context ranges from yellowish white to orange, showing no discoloration when bruised. Basidiospores (14–)14.5–20.5(–21) × (7.5–)8–9(–9.5) µm. A detailed description of the novel species and its differences from similar species is provided below.

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is highly regarded and increasingly cultivated in China for its nutritional value, unique taste, and medicinal properties. However, the chemical composition of fresh D. rubrovolvata is unclear. This study applied a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of D. rubrovolvata to characterize and compare the metabolite profiles and identify significantly differential metabolites from three geographical origins in China. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with chemometrics was employed to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis of fresh D. rubrovolvata samples collected from the Sichuan, Fujian, and Guizhou provinces in China. Among the 383 identified metabolites, lipids and organic acids were the predominant classes. There were notable variations in metabolite composition across the three geographical areas. The Sichuan (SC) group showed a high concentration of phospholipids, the Guizhou (GZ) group was characterized by specific oxidized lipids and bioactive benzenoids, and the Fujian (FJ) group showed elevated levels of the antioxidant ergothioneine. We identified 17 unique metabolites, including tryptophol, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, and various fatty acid derivatives, which may act as significantly differential metabolites for different origins. Analysis of KEGG enrichment indicated that the main metabolic pathways involved were tryptophan metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.

Rhodotus palmatus is commercially marketed as ‘fruity-scented mushroom’, a novel cultivar first brought into commercial cultivation in China at the end of 2023. It is characterized by a distinct pinkish pigmentation, a pileus with a distinct reticulated surface pattern, and an intense fruity aroma. To date, only a few natural strains have been documented in China, and scientific research on this species remains scarce. This study successfully bred a new variety of Rhodotus palmatus and established corresponding efficient techniques for its industrial-scale cultivation. As a result, strain ZJGWG001, known for its short growth cycle (23 d), high yield potential (177.43 ± 10.08 g·bag⁻¹) and biological efficiency (59.1%), and distinctive, stable phenotypic traits, is well suited for industrial cultivation. This cultivar is the first newly registered Rhodotus palmatus variety in China to receive provincial-level certification and has been officially designated as ‘Zhongjunguoweigu No. 1’. It represents an important discovery in the collection and exploration of wild fungal germplasm resources in recent years.