This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The major problems of our environment have become mainstream themes in everyday life of the society, with corresponding moral, political, and financial consequences. The concept of ecosystem services (ESS) surely belongs to such mainstream popular topics regarded also by EU environmental strategies. Moreover, the right assessment and utilisation of ESS are without any doubt one of the precondition of sustainable development. In general, we can say that this concept has important influence on the spheres of economics and politics; these formulate demands towards the science, and consecutively, the science efforts to answer these demands. The paper is aimed at two goals: the first one is to zoom in on the landscape-ecological concept of ESS by the geosystem approach, for the correct understanding of the basic terms, such as as ecosystem, geosystem, landscape, utility values, and services. The second goal is to present examples of several types of ESS evaluation in different study areas using the integrated landscape-ecological (geosystem) approach. The methods used are based on the geosystem approach to the landscape; the process is based on the methods of landscape ecological planning. The results are the assessment of 4 types of ecosystem services on study areas.
László Miklós; Anna Špinerová; Ingrid Belčáková; Monika Offertálerová; Viktória Miklósová. Ecosystem Services: The Landscape-Ecological Base and Examples. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10167 .
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Anna Špinerová, Ingrid Belčáková, Monika Offertálerová, Viktória Miklósová. Ecosystem Services: The Landscape-Ecological Base and Examples. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Anna Špinerová; Ingrid Belčáková; Monika Offertálerová; Viktória Miklósová. 2020. "Ecosystem Services: The Landscape-Ecological Base and Examples." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10167.
The integrated approach to landscape management is generally accepted, but its application is not on the desired practical level. Sectoral approaches to decision-making and planning processes still dominate. The presented paper concerns selected aspects of integrated landscape management in Slovakia. This paper reflects the present state of the long-term effort and experiences of the authors in the integration of ecological knowledge in landscape management tools. The basic methodological procedure needed to achieve this goal consists of analysis, mutual comparison, and confrontation of the existing principles and tools used in applied landscape ecology, as well as in legislation and planning practice. The landscape ecological base for the implementation of scientific achievements in landscape management consists of two methods: landscape ecological planning and ecological network planning. These two methods were implemented into the legislation and practice of nature conservation, physical/territorial planning, watershed management, land arrangement projecting, forestry planning, and flood prevention management. Such systematic landscape ecological regulations in planning practice can be considered the basis for sustainable development.
Zita Izakovičová; László Miklós; Viktória Miklósová; František Petrovič. The Integrated Approach to Landscape Management —Experience from Slovakia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4554 .
AMA StyleZita Izakovičová, László Miklós, Viktória Miklósová, František Petrovič. The Integrated Approach to Landscape Management —Experience from Slovakia. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZita Izakovičová; László Miklós; Viktória Miklósová; František Petrovič. 2019. "The Integrated Approach to Landscape Management —Experience from Slovakia." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4554.
The book analyses the landscape as a geosystem in all its complexity (from the abiotic environment, and land use to socio-economic character) as an integrated natural resource, as society’s life space, as well as an object of planning and decision making on sustainable land use. It presents the landscape properties in the form of databases that comply with the INSPIRE Directive 2007/2/EC (INSPIRE – Infrastructure for Spatial InfoRmation in Europe) requirements, which can be used for a variety of purposes and can serve as a national spatial information database for the needs of applied landscape-ecological research and real-world spatial planning processes. The book also provides overview legends with complete domain values of selected attributes of all three landscape structures (primary, secondary and tertiary) routinely used in Slovakia. Lastly, the book offers an example of the construction and mapping of geocomplexes as well as the database creation on the model territory at the regional level.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. Landscape as a Geosystem. Landscape as a Geosystem 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. Landscape as a Geosystem. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2019. "Landscape as a Geosystem." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 1.
Changes in land use are reflected primary in changes of land cover, but subsequently cause conflict of interest of sectors and are the main initiation of many environmental problems. The basic tool for sustainable utilization of the landscape is integrated landscape management, which, in our understanding, is the environmentally biased harmonization of tools which regulate the spatial organization and functional utilization of the landscape to avoid the conflicts of interest of sectors. “Integrated” in this case means the systematic assessment of the interests of all relevant sectors from the environmental point of view. The scientific base of this approach is the understanding of the landscape as a geosystem, and, in particular, the proper interpretation of the mutual relations of primary, secondary and tertiary landscape structures and their role in the assessment of the conflicts of interest. This paper presents a theoretical and methodical base for the integrated approach to the assessment of the conflicts of interest of the sectors in the landscape. The theoretical-methodical base was applied to the model territory of the Trnava district (south-west Slovakia). Mutual conflicts of interest of endangering and endangered sectors cause diverse problems, which were ranked in three basic groups as: problems of endangering of the ecological stability of the landscape (including endangering of biodiversity and nature conservation areas); problems of endangering of natural resources (in particular forests, soils, waters); and, problems of endangering the immediate human environment (stress factors in residential and recreational areas). The result is the identification and analysis of the conflicts of interest in the territory and their projection to a map. This research should be followed by implementation of procedures of ecologically optimal spatial organization and utilization of the territory for regular spatial planning processes.
Zita Izakovičová; László Miklós; Viktória Miklósová. Integrative Assessment of Land Use Conflicts. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3270 .
AMA StyleZita Izakovičová, László Miklós, Viktória Miklósová. Integrative Assessment of Land Use Conflicts. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZita Izakovičová; László Miklós; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "Integrative Assessment of Land Use Conflicts." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3270.
This is the core chapter of the book dealing with the theoretical principles of the geosystems. Defines the topical and choric models of geosystems, as well as the simplified model of the geocomplexes. There is explained the difference between state variables and typological characteristics of the elements of geosystems. Specific respect is given to the definition of the structures of the landscape. According to the genesis, physical character of the elements and according to the relation of structures to their role and management in planning processes we divide the landscape as geosystem to three substructures. Primary landscape structure is a set of material elements of the landscape and their relations that constitute the original and permanent foundation for other structures. These elements are mainly the elements of the abiotic sphere—the geological base and subsoils, soils, waters, georelief, air. Secondary landscape structure is constituted by human-influenced, reshaped and created material landscape elements that currently cover the Earth’s surface. These are the elements of land use, real biota, man-made objects and constructions. Tertiary (socio-economic) landscape structure is a set intangible (non-material) socio-economic factors/phenomena displayed to the landscape space as interests, manifestations and consequences of the activities of individual sectors that are relevant to landscape. These are the protection and other functional zones of nature and natural resources protection, hygienic and safety zones of industrial and infrastructure objects, zones of declared zones of specific environmental measures, administrative boundaries, etc. Finally, the chapter gives the geosystem definition of the landscape and its reflection in the law in Slovakia. This definition reeds: “Landscape is a complex system of space, location, georelief and other mutually, functionally interconnected material natural elements and elements modified and created by a man, in particular the geological base and soil creating substratum, soil, water bodies, air, flora and fauna, artificial structures and the elements of land use, as well as their connections, which determine also the socio-economic factors related to landscape. Landscape is the environment of man and other living organisms.” The chapter is illustrated by figures and graphics explaining the structure of the geosystem.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. Landscape as a Geosystem. Landscape as a Geosystem 2018, 11 -42.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. Landscape as a Geosystem. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2018; ():11-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "Landscape as a Geosystem." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 11-42.
The concept of the sustainable development requires an exact formulation of the main object of our interest—the landscape—in the sphere of science, politics, decision-making, planning and projecting. The different approaches to the landscape offer different possibilities for their implementation in legislation and real planning processes. The decisive step is the functional integration of landscape-ecological knowledge into existing management and planning processes. With simplification we can state that we need to integrate two groups of knowledge: the first and initial is the definition what actually is to be planned and managed. This is the “demand” from humans. The second one is the knowledge of the landscape, the landscape “offer, supply”. The confrontation of these two groups should lead to a process referred to as the ecologization of the landscape management. The landscape is a comprehensive integrated spatial-material entity—the environment for the life of people and other organisms rather than just its separate components. At the same time it is the only space which we must all fit into. So, the landscape resources are used for different purposes for different activities that compete with each other and they cause mutual conflicts. Relevant environmental-political documents starting with Agenda 21 issued on Rio Summit 92, namely the Chapter 10 entitled “Integrated approach to the management of land resources” justified the need for the integrated landscape management as a major instrument of sustainable development. All above-mentioned principles can be realized if the landscape is understood systematically, as a geosystem. This understanding has become the base for the legally defined and nowadays routine planning tools—the landscape-ecological planning LANDEP and projecting the territorial system of ecological stability TSES—as transmitters of the landscape-ecological knowledge into the spatial planning processes.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. The Material Base of Sustainable Development—The Landscape. Landscape as a Geosystem 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. The Material Base of Sustainable Development—The Landscape. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2018; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "The Material Base of Sustainable Development—The Landscape." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 1-9.
The chapter presents the application of the geosystem approach to the creation of a proper spatial informational system with respects to the principles described in previous chapters. The application is presented on concrete model territory of the watershed of the Ipel’ river (South Central Slovakia). Those principles were the followings a unified mathematical depiction of the map base, namely in depiction UTM Zone 34N; Gauss–Krüger projection of the cartographic base the spatial projection base is a digital elevation model of DTM relief; the framework for each thematic layer is unified topographic object base. Maps are processed in a uniform format in the ESRI filegeodatabase; the carriers of spatial information are carefully compiled in the system of georeferencing elements, namely: raster—for morphometric parameters of relief; point—hydrological and weather stations; section—sections of rivers and roads; polygon—indicators of other geosystem elements that are displayed in the form of areals, i.e. abiotic, biotic and socio-economic elements and complexes, including elements of land use and buildings in GIS base. contains a purposefully selected set of indicators and values that characterize the primary structure (abiotic complex), secondary structure (biotic complex and land use), as well as the tertiary landscape structure (socio-economic complex), including statistical indicators, which are linked to the village and cadastral area; the system of georeferenced elements and indicators enables permanent updating of values as well as the addition of new variables into the system. The indicators and their domain values were arranged to a purpose-oriented catalogue that allows a quick and easy access to the database and map content. The catalogue was constructed hierarchically, it is possible to gradually gain an overview of the content by gradually unpacking the various hierarchical levels and layers. These hierarchical levels are ➢ element of the geosystem (level of Component); ➢ property of element (level of Thematic layer); ➢ indicator of property of element (level of Attribute, indicator); ➢ dimension of indicator of property of element (level of Dimension); ➢ value of indicator of property of the element (level of Value of attribute). As the result the chapter brings as examples cuts of the electronically produced maps on different indicators.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. Application of the Spatial Information System of Geocomplexes in Model Territory. Landscape as a Geosystem 2018, 127 -157.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. Application of the Spatial Information System of Geocomplexes in Model Territory. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2018; ():127-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "Application of the Spatial Information System of Geocomplexes in Model Territory." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 127-157.
The chapter presents the set of detailed indicators of the geocomplexes including the tables of domain values of these indicators often used in landscape-ecological studies. Chapter includes the description, definition and characteristics of indicators of all three structures of the landscape as: A substantial part of the chapter is the tables with the domain values of indicators. The chapter is illustrated by 25 tables.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. Characteristics of the Indicators of Geocomplexes. Landscape as a Geosystem 2018, 85 -126.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. Characteristics of the Indicators of Geocomplexes. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2018; ():85-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "Characteristics of the Indicators of Geocomplexes." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 85-126.
The chapter introduces the application of the geosystem theory for the creation of practically usable, complex spatial landscape-ecological units—geocomplexes of different character. The content and characteristics of these units represent the spatial/contentual frame for geosystem based information system on the landscape. The basic steps for creation and spatial design of these spatial units are the landscape-ecological analyses and landscape-ecological syntheses. The result of this procedure is the definition of the content, assignation and spatial display of geocomplexes of different complexity in the following range: abiotic complex → physical-geographical complex → complex of land cover/land use and real vegetation → landscape-ecological complex → socio-economic complex → integrated geocomplex. The analyses and syntheses are of character of basic research on the landscape, as well as the initial step to the applied procedures and planning practice. The use of a proper information system for the systematic characteristics of the geocomplexes is an inevitable necessity. The chapter introduces the methodical and practical problems of the creation of such database within a GIS frame. The synthetic, well defined and precisely mapped geocomplexes are considered the basic operational units of the decision-making process for integrated landscape management. The final part of the chapter describes the real situation of the creation and problems of the database of geocomplexes in Slovakia. The text is completed with numerous tables which illustrate the most frequently used state variables and typological characteristics of different complexes.
László Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. Construction and Mapping of Geocomplexes. Landscape as a Geosystem 2018, 43 -84.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Erika Kočická, Zita Izakovičová, Dušan Kočický, Anna Špinerová, Andrea Diviaková, Viktória Miklósová. Construction and Mapping of Geocomplexes. Landscape as a Geosystem. 2018; ():43-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Erika Kočická; Zita Izakovičová; Dušan Kočický; Anna Špinerová; Andrea Diviaková; Viktória Miklósová. 2018. "Construction and Mapping of Geocomplexes." Landscape as a Geosystem , no. : 43-84.
The most frequent natural disasters in Slovakia are related to climatic events, in particular to the sudden intensive rains, quick run-off and unbalanced water regime. They induce soil erosion and accumulation, flash floods, landslides, overwhelming waterlogging and also draught. Since these events have an impact throughout the whole landscape - the forest, agricultural and urban landscape, which are under the management of different sectors, the integration of the sectoral planning tools for the mitigation of their consequences is inevitable. Integration is a difficult process of dual character: it requires the development of landscape-ecological methods applicable to land management tools on one side and the creation of legal provisions ensuring the transfer of those scientific principles to legislation, on the other side. This paper deals with both sides of this process in Slovakia.
László Miklós; Zita Izakovičová; Monika Offertálerová; Viktória Miklósová. The Institutional Tools of Integrated Landscape Management in Slovakia for Mitigation of Climate Change and Other Natural Disasters. European Countryside 2017, 9, 647 -657.
AMA StyleLászló Miklós, Zita Izakovičová, Monika Offertálerová, Viktória Miklósová. The Institutional Tools of Integrated Landscape Management in Slovakia for Mitigation of Climate Change and Other Natural Disasters. European Countryside. 2017; 9 (4):647-657.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLászló Miklós; Zita Izakovičová; Monika Offertálerová; Viktória Miklósová. 2017. "The Institutional Tools of Integrated Landscape Management in Slovakia for Mitigation of Climate Change and Other Natural Disasters." European Countryside 9, no. 4: 647-657.