This study presents a multi-factor coupled assessment of seismic disaster risk for approximately 635,000 individual building units in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, China, utilizing a high-resolution dataset. The assessment methodology innovatively integrates the three core components of risk: seismic vulnerability V of load-bearing structures, site-specific seismic hazards R, and potential consequences C of damage, to formulate the Seismic Resilience Index I_SR = C·R·V. Crucially, the approach advances established risk assessment frameworks by enhancing the spatial resolution of the site influence coefficient R using a high-resolution national site classification map and detailed local geological data. The results reveal that the areas with the lowest I_SR values (indicating the lowest resilience and thus the highest risk) are predominantly concentrated in older residential districts of counties such as Ningshan, Hanyin, and Ziyang, where unreinforced masonry structures built prior to 1989 are widespread. The model assessment results align with expected structural performance characteristics, and the study concludes by offering quantified, priority-based recommendations for targeted structural intervention and seismic retrofitting in the identified highest-risk regions and building typologies.

In order to meet the demand for the seismic-resilience assessment of urban–rural building clusters, a new classification method is proposed by integrating national risk census results and evaluated using a large-scale dataset. This study initially identifies and analyzes the key factors that influence seismic-resilience. The reason for considering both internal and external factors is that they comprehensively reflect the characteristics and influencing conditions of urban–rural building clusters in terms of seismic-resilience. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, encompassing both internal and external factors. Based on this system, criteria for seismic-resilience grading are proposed to classify the resilience levels of different building clusters. This is crucial for differentiating the seismic resilience capabilities of various building clusters. The evaluation index weights are determined by means of a robust method, and a seismic resilience evaluation method for urban–rural building clusters is established on the basis of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory. This method incorporates various internal and external influencing factors to offer a comprehensive assessment. Moreover, by leveraging the ArcGIS platform, the evaluation method is successfully applied to urban–rural building clusters. Taking Weinan City, China, as a case study, an empirical evaluation of the seismic resilience of Weinan City is carried out. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively reflects the seismic resilience of the building clusters and offers valuable insights for enhancing resilience. The research findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and practical reference for enhancing the seismic resilience of urban–rural building clusters, promoting resilient city construction, and supporting post-earthquake disaster-area recovery and reconstruction.

The Lintong–Chang’an Fault Zone (LCFZ) is an important active structure in the Weihe Graben (central China). The study on the activity of the LCFZ is not only of great significance to explore the regional tectonic mechanism, but also has practical value in urban seismic mitigation and disaster relief. In this study, based on high-resolution remotely sensed imagery, shallow seismic reflection survey, borehole data and excavation of a foundation pit, we determined the distribution and activity of the Wangjiabian–Houjiawan fault (a branch fault of the LCFZ) in the Shaoling Loess Tableland. Combined with previous studies, we further inferred that the vertical displacements were 0–6 m along the LCFZ, but most displacements were around 1 m. Furthermore, there are eight locations where no displacements have been found in the Late Pleistocene strata. The offsets on the fault zone since the Late Pleistocene display a wave-like pattern, which is unrelated to the regional topographic expression. Compared to other faults in the Weihe Graben, the activity of the LCFZ in vertical component is relatively weak, implying a possible strike–slip motion. In addition, a major active fault may exist on the northwest side of this fault zone, bearing part of the fault motion in this region.