The integration of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) has attracted increasing interest and is highly probable to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of spectroscopic investigations in biomedical fields. In this work, dual-mode SERS and SEF hierarchical structures have been developed on a single bio-metallic substrate. The hierarchical structure was composed of micro-grooves, nano-particles, and nano-ripples. The crystal violet was selected as reporter molecule and both the intensity of Raman and fluorescence signals were enhanced because of the dual-mode SERS−SEF phenomena with enhancement factors (EFs) of 7.85 × 10⁵ and 14.32, respectively. The Raman and fluorescence signals also exhibited good uniformity with the relative standard deviation value of 2.46% and 5.15%, respectively. Moreover, the substrate exhibited high sensitivity with the limits of detection (LOD) as low as 1 × 10⁻¹¹ mol/L using Raman spectroscopy and 1 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol/L by fluorescence spectroscopy. The combined effect of surface plasmon resonance and “hot spots” induced by the hierarchical laser induced periodical surface structures (LIPSS) was mainly contributed to the enhancement of Raman and fluorescence signal. We propose that the integration of SERS and SEF in a single bio-metallic substrate is promising to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of detection in biomedical investigations.

Optimization for heat dissipation plays a significant role in energy saving and high-efficiency utilizing of integrated electronics. In this paper, we present a study of micro structuring on polymer-based flexible substrate coupled with aluminum-alloy heat sink. The heat dissipation performance was investigated by temperature evolution of a heat sink under natural convection by infrared (IR) camera, and results showed that the heat dissipation enhancement could be up to 25%. Moreover, the heat dissipation performance of a typical heat sink in terms of light-emitting diode (LED) hip was investigated via both thermal transient measurement and the finite element analysis (FEA). The maximum LED chip temperature of the laser-textured heat sink was approximately 22.4% lower than that of the as-received heat sink. We propose that these properties accompanied with the simplicity of fabrication make laser surface texturing a promising candidate for on-chip thermal management applications in electronics.

Friction and wear are major factors affecting the efficiency and reliability of mechanical systems, leading to increasing interest in laser surface texturing (LST) for tribological surface engineering. This review summarizes the development of LST from conventional surface modification to multifunctional interface design and discusses the underlying process–structure–performance relationships. Different lubrication-dependent mechanisms, including micro-hydrodynamic pressure generation, wear debris entrapment, contact stress regulation, metallurgical strengthening, and wettability control, are analyzed under hydrodynamic, boundary, and dry sliding conditions. Representative processing technologies, including nanosecond, ultrafast, direct laser interference patterning (DLIP), and liquid-assisted laser processing, are compared in terms of fabrication precision, thermal effects, scalability, and tribological performance. Recent advances in hybrid surface engineering strategies integrating textures with coatings, solid lubricants, and surface hardening treatments are also reviewed. Representative applications involving bearings, cutting tools, biomedical implants, advanced ceramics, and additively manufactured materials are discussed to summarize application-oriented texture design principles. Current limitations related to thermal damage, manufacturing efficiency, coating stability, and long-term reliability are critically evaluated. Future developments are expected to focus on multifunctional surface integration, large-area manufacturing, and AI-assisted optimization for application-specific tribological interface design.

Rapid corrosion and poor coating adhesion continue to limit the use of magnesium alloys as temporary orthopedic implants. The two-stage laser process was developed to separate the high-temperature melting of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) from the low-melting-point AZ31 substrate. Femtosecond-laser grids with spacings of 100, 200, and 300 μm were first produced on AZ31 to provide anchoring sites. Then, the target 45S5 BG was suspended above the substrate, locally melted with CO₂ laser, and transported onto the textured surface by gas jet. The 200 μm grid texture for Mg substrate with lowest water contact angle could give the highest tape-test adhesion rating (4B). At the selected deposition conditions of 20 W and 20 L·min⁻¹, two coating cycles produced a continuous layer approximately 50.5 μm thick. Relative to bare Mg alloy, this double-layer coating increased polarization resistance from 1.20 × 103 to 1.39 × 10⁵ Ω·cm² and decreased corrosion current density from 8.70 × 10⁻⁴ to 5.33 × 10⁻⁶ A·cm⁻². It also limited alkalization and mass loss during 28 days in simulated body fluid. As such, the double-layer surface coating supported apatite formation and improved MC3T3-E1 proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings indicated that suspended-target deposition was able to form adherent, bioactive glass coatings on magnesium while limiting direct thermal damage to the substrate.

Soft-tissue management is critical for guided bone regeneration (GBR), yet conventional titanium meshes lack the ability to regionally regulate fibroblast behavior where opposite biological responses are needed. Here, we fabricated two femtosecond-laser patterned stripe topographies on titanium using a unidirectional scanning strategy with parameter tuning, generating LSFL with a periodicity of 820 ± 30 nm and micro-grooves with a periodicity of 4.7 ± 0.1 μm. Surface morphology and physicochemical properties were characterized by SEM/AFM, XPS, microhardness testing, and wettability measurements. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were used to assess adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, spreading area, and proliferation (CCK-8). The submicron LSFL promoted robust fibroblast adhesion, aligned cytoskeletal organization, larger spreading areas, and higher proliferation, whereas the micro-groove surface markedly restricted spreading and was associated with poorer cytoskeletal organization and lower proliferation. Alternating patterned regions further demonstrated geometry-driven spatial selectivity, with preferential cell occupation on LSFL stripes. These findings support a fabrication-ready surface-engineering strategy to synchronize rapid soft-tissue sealing while restricting unwanted fibroblast advancement at defined regions, offering a promising route toward more predictable GBR outcomes.