The application method of granular fertilizers and wheat seeds depends on the colter design and parameters. In this research, a new double disc colter is studied to apply the wheat seeds to the horizontal band 12 cm in width and apply granular fertilizers deeper 2 cm than the wheat seed level precisely to the middle of the band. Applying granular fertilizers and wheat seeds at different levels increases the granular fertilizer dose without harm to the wheat seeds. Furthermore, applying high doses of wheat seeds to the horizontal band decreases the competition between the seeds and suppresses the weeds. Therefore, preparing a plain seedbed after applying the fertilizers and distributing wheat seeds to the horizontal band was the research objective. The comparison experiments of the base and designed double disc colters were provided in the soil bin determining the horizontal and vertical forces and the placement of the fertilizers and seeds. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to track the soil particle behavior interacting with the double-disc colter. The simulation results and actual experiment results were satisfactory when the AB length of the wing orifice was 60 mm.

This paper focuses on aerospace image analysis methods. Aerospace images are considered for the study of agricultural crops of northern Kazakhstan belonging to the A. I. Barayev Research and Production Center for Grain Farming. The main goal of the research is the development and implementation of algorithms that make it possible to detect and highlight on aerospace images the factors that negatively affect the growth of crops over the growing seasons. To resolve the problem, the spectral brightness coefficient (SBC), NDVI, clustering, orthogonal transformations are used. Special attention was paid to the development of software tools for selecting characteristics that describe texture differences to segment texture regions into sub-regions. That is, the issue of the applicability of sets of textural features and orthogonal transformations for the analysis of experimental data to identify characteristic areas on aerospace images that can be associated with weeds, pests, etc. in the future was investigated. The questions of signal image processing remain the focus of attention of different specialists. The images act both as a result and as a research object in physics, astronautics, meteorology, forensic medicine and many other areas of science and technology. Furthermore, image processing systems are currently being used to resolve many applied problems. A program has been implemented in the MATLAB environment that allows performing spectral transformations of six types: 1) cosine; 2) Hadamard of order 2n; 3) Hadamard of order n=p+1, p≡3 (mod4); 4) Haar; 5) slant; 6) Daubechies 4. Analysis of the data obtained revealed the features of changes in the reflectivity of cultivated crops and weeds in certain periods of the growing season. The data obtained are of great importance for the validation of remote space observations using aerospace images

Image processing systems are currently used to solve many applied problems. The article is devoted to the identification of negative factors affecting the growth of grain in different periods of harvesting, using a program implemented in the MATLAB software environment, based on aerial photographs. The program is based on the Law’s textural mask method and successive clustering. This paper presents the algorithm of the program and shows the results of image processing by highlighting the uniformity of the image. To solve the problem, the spectral luminance coefficient (SBC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Law’s textural mask method, and clustering are used. This approach is general and has great potential for identifying objects and territories with different boundary properties on controlled aerial photographs using groups of images of the same surface taken at different vegetation periods. That is, the applicability of sets of Laws texture masks with original image enhancement for the analysis of experimental data on the identification of pest outbreaks is being investigated.

This paper presents a mathematical modelling in 3D space of the scatterers of seeding opener of the grain-fertilizer seeder using the matrix method. The investigated model is presented as a mechanical system with eight degrees of freedom. Based on the results of simulation, the trajectories of the points on the oscillating scatterer in the form of a pendulum hemisphere and their projections on the XOZ and XOY coordinate planes as well as the linear velocity components of the considered points and the angular velocities components of the investigated scatterer are derived. The obtained data allow us to state that the use of the oscillating scatterer-pendulum hemisphere will improve the quality of sowing in terms of the flight range, spread and distribution of seeds, consequently, it will increase in the yield of crops. The results will also be used in further studies of mechanical system dynamics of the investigated seeding opener with scatterer of the grain-fertilizer seeders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.6.22476

This paper deals with the problem of predetermining the spray angle and uniformity of the flat fan sprayer with a semicircular impact surface for the intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizers. The jet impact on a round splash plate and radial atomization properties are investigated theoretically, the formation features of the spray with an obtuse angle are studied in a geometrical way, and the design search of the nozzle shape and optimization calculations are performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and then verified experimentally. It was revealed that the spray rate and spray angle can be adjusted by changing the parameter s, and when the spray angle is within s = 0–0.2 mm, it forms spray angles with range of 140°–175°. The spraying angle, in turn, shows the potential length of the tillage knife in accordance with the undersoil cavity dimensions. A spray uniformity of up to 74% was achieved, which is sufficient for applied studies and for intra-soil application operations. According to the investigations and field experiments, it can be concluded that the designed nozzle is applicable for the intra-soil application of liquid mineral fertilizers. The use of flat fan nozzles that form a spraying band under the soil cavity and along the entire length of the tillage knife ensures a highly efficient mixing process, the liquid mineral fertilizers with treated soil (particles) positively contributing to plant maturation.

One of the ways to increase the yield of grain crops in the Northern Kazakhstan within the modern cultivation technologies is the use of subsoil-broadcast sowing. For doing so, the quality of compaction and rolling of the top seed soil layer plays an important role in the formation of the future harvest. In this regard, this article is devoted to the study, improvement and development of new operating tools of the seeder packing wheels for subsoil-broadcast sowing. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of subsoil-broadcast sowing of grain crops. Objectives: development of a new improved packing wheels and carry out a comparative analysis of the operation of seeders and their packing wheels. A new improved two-row wedge typed packing (compacting) wheels are proposed. A comparative analysis of the operation of stubble seeders and their operating tools of packing wheels, widely used for subsoil-broadcast sowing in the Northern Kazakhstan within the modern cultivation technologies of grain crops, was carried out. The technological processes of packing and compaction of the top seed soil layer with this sowing method was considered and the main advantages of existing serial operating tools and disadvantages of proposed operating tools of improved packing wheels were identified. The use of the proposed packing wheels during grain crops sowing contributes to the emergence of even stands due to the creation of favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, which, consequently, will have a positive effect on increasing the yield.