In this study, oleuropein was isolated from olive leaves by chromatographic method and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses such as FTIR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³CNMR. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using oleuropein and their antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, ABTS^•+, and FRAP assays. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The absorption peak at 450 nm in UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the AgNPs formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) identified the formation of spherical-shaped nanoparticles with the average size of 71 nm. Rietveld analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction data with High Score Plus software. XRD with 2θ degrees at 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.4° and 77.4° can be assigned to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) Bragg’s reflections of the face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Biosynthetic nanoparticles revealed more inhibitory effect (5.22, IC_50, µg/mL) against ABTS^•+ than standard BHT (7.03, IC_50, µg/mL).

Schinus molle L. has been used as a folk medicine for many years. The aim of this study is to synthesize the silver nanoparticles, to identify them by spectroscopic techniques and to evaluate the antioxidant effects. In this study, Schinus molle was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively. After removal of the solvent from each extract by reduced pressure, the crude extracts were yielded. Methanol extract was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (s-AgNPs). The methanol extract dissolved in distilled water was treated with silver nitrate solution to produce the s-AgNPs. The extensive spectroscopic study enabled the identification of synthesized s-AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis presented the maximum absorption of s-AgNPs at 486 nm. The average particle size of s-AgNPs was measured as 77.6 nm by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that the nanoparticles were face-centered cubic structure. The slight differences between extract and AgNPs in FTIR spectrum proved the formation of s-AgNPs. In that, some functional group such as hydroxyl in the extract was oxidized while reduction of silver ions. Elemental analysis displayed the silver percentage to be 75.79 %w/w. Antioxidant activity study including DPPH, ABTS•+ and FRAP assays displayed the considerable effect of s-AgNPs. This is the first report to present the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Schinus molle L. methanol extract and to evaluate the antioxidant activity. HIGHLIGHTS Schinus molle was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively Methanol extract was used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (s-AgNPs) Antioxidant activity study including DPPH, ABTS+and FRAP assays displayed the considerable effect of s-AgNPs GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In this study, Al-5Cu-0.3Sc nanocomposites reinforced with 0–20 wt.% B₄C were successfully fabricated using a combined melt-spinning, mechanical alloying, and sintering route. The rapid solidification achieved during melt spinning suppressed elemental segregation and refined the microstructure, producing a nanocrystalline Al-Cu-Sc matrix that served as a uniform host for B₄C particles. X-ray diffraction confirmed the coexistence of Al, Al₂Cu, Al₃Sc, and B₄C phases, indicating a dual-strengthening mechanism consisting of precipitation strengthening from Al₂Cu/Al₃Sc and particle strengthening from B₄C. Increasing B₄C content increased hardness from 44.9 HV to 188.2 HV (≈319%) via effective load transfer, interfacial dislocation accumulation, and particle–matrix interlocking. The wear rate decreased from 3.81 × 10⁻³ mm³/m to 6.29 × 10⁻³ mm³/m (≈98.35%), corresponding to a nearly 60-fold increase in wear resistance due to the formation of a stable ceramic tribofilm and the protective effect of embedded B₄C particles. Conversely, the corrosion rate increased from 0.117 mm/year to 6.136 mm/year (≈52-fold) due to intensified microgalvanic interactions among B₄C, Al₂Cu, and the Al matrix. Generally, the incorporation of B₄C reinforcement provides a great improvement in mechanical and tribological properties at the expense of corrosion resistance, highlighting a performance trade-off relevant for lightweight structural and surface critical applications.

This study reports the synthesis of a high-entropy AlFeCuTiNi alloy via high-energy ball milling. The study investigates the effects of mechanical alloying time and sintering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, wear, and corrosion behavior of the high-entropy AlFeCuTiNi alloy. XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses revealed that the mechanical alloying time and sintering temperature significantly affected the alloy’s homogeneity, phase structure, and oxide film stability. As the mechanical alloying time increases, the corrosion resistance of alloys sintered at 550 °C initially increases and then stabilizes. In samples sintered at 650 °C, corrosion resistance is generally higher. The highest corrosion resistance was achieved after 15 h of mechanical alloying and sintering at 650 °C. The study reveals that the best corrosion, wear, hardness, and wear density performance was observed in samples obtained at medium conditions, achieved after 20 h of mechanical alloying and sintering at 650 °C. These findings may contribute to optimizing production processes for sustainable material design. Moreover, this research highlights that high-entropy alloys and powder-metallurgy-based production methods enable industrial applications for energy-efficient, sustainable material design and contribute to sustainable production and circular-economy principles.