Background: The National Health Insurance (NHI) program is the Indonesian government's national health program. However, health insurance coverage has not been maximized. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with health insurance coverage in Indonesia. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional data were obtained from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 39,580 respondents were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The data come from the DHS Questionnaire Phase 7. In this study, we explored age, education level, wealth quintiles, residence, the number of children who are alive, marital status, current employment status, earnings, and health insurance status in relation to health insurance coverage. Then, we analyzed the data using chi-squared and binary logistic analyses. Results: The prevalence of health insurance coverage in the Indonesian population is 62.3%. Respondent aged 15-24 years [AOR=0.88; 95% CI=0.77-1.00], secondary education level [AOR=0.44; 95% CI=0.41-0.47], poorer wealth index [AOR=0.76; 95% CI=0.71-0.82], live in rural area [AOR=0.78; 95% CI=0.75-0.82], divorced [AOR=0.72; 95% CI=0.63-0.83] were less likelihood to have health insurance. Conversely, the respondent who received earnings [AOR=1.25; 95% CI=1.18-1.32] was more likely to have health insurance. Conclusion: This finding pointed to education level, economic status, and demographic area such as respondents who lived in rural areas should more pay attention to NHI. Intervention through the provision of appropriate information about NHI should be promoted.

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, COVID-19 spread very quickly between people. Thus, the patients’ rights to obtain treatment do not have to decrease the protection of the public. The perspectives of ethics, law, and justice prioritize the rights of the public as stated in the principle “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto” (Public safety is the highest law as regulated in the law). METHODS: This research employs the statute approach with comprehensive, all-inclusive, and systematic manners to the ratio legis of the Health Law. It also uses the philosophy approach. RESULTS: In Indonesia, the regulatory handling of the COVID-19 pandemic is based on the Law on Infectious Disease Outbreak. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the quick spread of this disease causes many fatalities. Thus, individual rights of patients must be ruled out to prioritize public rights. CONCLUSION: The legal perspective upholds the “Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto” principle, namely, public safety is the highest law was the core of philosophy, law and ethics handling covid 19 pandemic.

Objective: This study aims to increase understanding of the process of nursing students at risk of completing suicide attempts that facilitates the transition from suicidal ideation to action. And The Central Bureau of Statistics, there were 812 suicide cases throughout Indonesia. Methods: The qualitative research involved 15 nursing students who were selected purposively. data collection in rural East Java Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological method. Results: We identified six main themes; 1 (the dimension of individual history). 2 (socio-cultural dimension) describes the problems experienced by nursing students on campus and off campus. 3 (interpersonal dimension). 4 (intrapersonal dimension); Factors of family conflict, peer conflict, and psychiatric and/or medical disorders. 5 (emotional dimension). 6. (be a good listener). Conclusion: The intrapersonal element is the most influential catalyst in the progression from suicidal ideation to action. As prospective targets for preventive interventions and practices with nursing students at risk of suicide, our findings suggest the need for specific measures addressing freshman recruitment during selection for faculty, emotional dysregulation, and feelings of invalidity and entrapment. Nursing students need intrapersonal training. Being a good listener for all students, lecturers and staff is important to create a support system for suicide prevention in the nursing environment.

Background: The National Health Insurance (NHI) program is the Indonesian government's national health program. However, health insurance coverage has not been maximized. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with health insurance coverage in Indonesia. Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. A total of 39,580 respondents were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The data come from the DHS Questionnaire Phase 7. The variables include age, education level, wealth quintiles, residence, the number of children who are alive, marital status, current employment status, earnings, and health insurance status. The data were analyzed using chi-squared and binary logistic analyses. Results: The prevalence of health insurance coverage in the Indonesian population is 62.3%. Respondent age [AOR=0.875; 95% CI=0.763-0.967], education level [AOR=0.437; 95% CI=0.410-0.466], wealth quintile [AOR=0.762; 95% CI=0.713-0.815], residence [AOR=0.762; 95% CI=0.713-0.815], marital status [AOR=0.718; 95% CI=0.625-0.825] and earnings [AOR=1.245; 95% CI=1.177-1.316] are related to health insurance coverage. However, the number of children who are alive and respondents who were currently working were not significantly related to health insurance coverage in Indonesia. Conclusion: The government needs to pay attention to the characteristics and demographic conditions of the Indonesian population to be able to achieve maximum health insurance coverage. Maximum coverage through the provision of appropriate information should be promoted.

Background: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016 identified and further classified Diabetes Mellitus as one of the chronic diseases, a leading cause of morbidity, and considered a major health problem in the Asia Pacific. Hence the quality of life as the optimum goal of any person is only achieved through appropriate self-care management. The person is a major key player of the nursing paradigm plays a crucial task in self-care since his/her responsibility is to assure balance between behavioral and environmental dynamics. Objective: To examine the self-management behaviors of clients medically diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and evaluate the correlation between self-management behaviors and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: The study utilized the validated Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) tool to 600 adults from the lower district of Khong Khlong, Kamphaengphet, Thailand. Through descriptive design, the investigation focused on major behavioral categories such as glucose management, physical activity, health care use and dietary control on at-risk stroke clients with DM aging 35 years old and above. Respondents with absolute complications of Diabetes Mellitus like stroke, blindness, undergoing dialysis even amputation are excluded to participate. Results: The findings revealed that most clients with DM are married female, ages 51-60 years old and is diagnosed of living with the disease for 6-10 years. Further, the respondents are generally aware on self-management activities for DM, however not all of them submitted for glucose monitoring program. On one hand, the respondents have high regard on controlling dietary intake to avoid the increase of blood glucose during scheduled tests while results also show that most of the respondents are having poor engagement on physical activities. Conclusion: It is concluded that self- management behaviors are strongly associated with HbA1c. Nonphannacologic and identified independent nursing actions proven to aid clients with diabetes mellitus should be advocated in combating the disease.

Rapid changes in today’s healthcare industry are reshaping nurses’ role. The emergence of new healthcare system, the shift from service to business orientations, and extensive redesign of workplace affects the where and how nursing care is delivered as well as those who delivered the care. In the Philippines, healthcare system is in the midst of dramatic evolvement- the devolution of hospitals to LGUs, free healthcare for senior citizens and no balance billing policy yielding to increased client-nurse ratio. These impacts change the roles of nurse managers and their practice. The study aimed to understand the experience and phenomena of nurse managers, their roles in the dynamics of healthcare practice, and seek ways to enhance the development of these roles. The study used descriptive phenomenology-qualitative design, and utilized Colaizzi method during data analyses. Through researcher-made guide questions, the study employed purposively nurse managers as key informants from tertiary hospitals that experienced devolution using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researchers conducted interviews with audio- tapes that then later transcribed. The study revealed that nurse managers encountered challenges in the workplace like deprivation of responsibility, less administrative support that challenged their responsibili- ties. The nurse managers identified new roles that they have developed over time like Carative-managerial role, responsibility to educate and the responsibility to the nursing profession. They are believers that the enhancement of such roles is realized through rest and recreation among staffs to avoid burnout and exhaustion, acquiring continuing professional education, clinical teaching and mentoring skills strategies to understand better human behavior. The researchers recommends consumption of such study findings as basis for improving hospital facilities for the provision of patient safety, revisiting and strengthening the hiring and screening policies for new nurses, administrative support for staff development and as basis to conduct further studies on the emerging roles to other settings. Keywords:   changing roles, nurses roles, nurse managers, emerging roles, health care practice, role devel- opment