Th is study offers empirical insights into investor behavior and its correlation with various behavioral biases in the context of investment decisions in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 261 individual investors in Pakistan. The study employs hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypothesis. It considers several behavioral biases, and statistically, anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, and herding show a significant impact. The study uses financial literacy to examine its moderating effects on these biases, and the result suggests that it significantly influences behavioral biases related to investment decisions. The results underscore the unique investment behaviors in emerging markets, contrasting with established norms in well-developed financial markets. These findings can inform policymakers and stock market authorities about investor decision-making in emerging economies.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and ten-year forecast of rapeseed and mustard cultivation and production in Pakistan using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series modeling technique. Historical data from 1970–71 to 2022–23 reveal a fluctuating but overall upward trend in both cultivated area and production. The ARIMA (3,1,1) model with a constant and linear trend proved to be the most reliable, as validated by diagnostic tests including the Ljung-Box test, inverse roots of AR/MA polynomials, and the heteroscedasticity (ARCH) test on residuals, along with its superior performance on statistical indicators such as parameter significance, adjusted R ² , sigma ² , AIC, SBIC, and the Hannan-Quinn criterion. Forecasts suggest a substantial rise in cultivated area from 438 thousand hectares in 2024 to 876.1 thousand hectares by 2033, while production is projected to nearly double from 592.6 thousand tonnes to about 1,196.5 thousand tonnes. Despite this encouraging outlook, yield variability remains a persistent challenge due to poor seed quality, inefficient input use, climate variability, and limited mechanization. The National Oilseed Enhancement Program (2019–2024) revitalized oilseed cultivation by improving seed systems, supporting farmers, and promoting import-substitution policies. However, frequent regime changes disrupted policy continuity, hindering progress toward a stable, long-term oilseed strategy. To sustain growth and achieve self-sufficiency in edible oil production, consistent policy commitment is essential. National interest projects must not be discontinued with political transitions. A stable oilseed policy with medium-to long-term targets for seed distribution, mechanization, and value chain development is required. Price stability during harvest seasons, stronger coordination between institutions, and farmer training and extension services are equally critical. By integrating data-driven forecasts with these policy directions, Pakistan can strengthen its oilseed sector, reduce reliance on imports, and advance toward food and economic security.

This paper examines the research output and impact of Veterinary Research Institutes (VRIs) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), namely Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Harbin Veterinary Research Institute (HVRI), and Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute (LVRI), to answer research questions. The study explores publication count, citation structure, h-index, most-cited articles, keyword trends, trend topics, co-authorship, thematic maps, and bibliographic coupling. The data is extracted from Scopus, covering publications from 2009 to 2023. Utilizing Excel, R (Biblioshiny), and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20, Leiden University, Netherlands), we found that VRIs of the CAAS demonstrated a steady upward trend in their research output, with SHVRI leading in top-cited articles, HVRI in citations and h-index, and LVRI in publications. Key journals include Veterinary Microbiology and Parasites and Vectors. Leading authors are Chan Ding (SHVRI), Xiaomei Wang (HVRI), and Xing-Quan Zhu (LVRI). Key research focus is on parasitology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. SHVRI and HVRI’s demonstrated focus is on virology, while LVRI’s interest is in genetic analyses of the pathogens. Bibliographic coupling highlights core themes: SHVRI on Newcastle disease, Schistosoma japonicum , Toxoplasma gondii , and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; HVRI on African swine fever virus, Influenza viruses, and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; and LVRI on Toxoplasma gondii , the parasitic mitochondrial genome, and Foot and Mouth disease virus. Findings reflect CAAS’s commitment to addressing critical animal diseases for China’s development and food security.