Background: Obesity is increasingly recognized as a metabolic disorder driven by gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue. Emerging evidence highlights the gut–adipose tissue axis as a critical mediator of energy balance and metabolic regulation. Marine algae—rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids—offer bioactive compounds that modulate gut microbial composition and generate beneficial metabolites termed “postbiotics.” Objective: This review aims to comprehensively summarize current advances in understanding how marine-algal-derived postbiotics influence the gut microbiota–adipose tissue axis and contribute to obesity prevention and management. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink for studies published between 2015 and October 2025. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and human trials examining the effects of marine-algal compounds on gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, adipose inflammation, and metabolic outcomes. Results: Marine-algal polysaccharides (fucoidan, alginate, laminarin, carrageenan, and ulvan) act as fermentable fibers that enhance SCFA production and enrich beneficial taxa such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides, while reducing endotoxin-producing bacteria. Polyphenols and carotenoids (fucoxanthin, phlorotannins, astaxanthin) directly target adipogenesis, oxidative stress, and adipose browning. Animal studies consistently demonstrate reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased inflammation following algae supplementation. Human trials—though limited—confirm safety and show microbiota modulation with modest weight loss. Conclusions: Marine-algal-derived postbiotics represent a promising, natural, and sustainable strategy to target the gut microbiota–adipose tissue axis in obesity. They offer multi-targeted mechanisms through microbial and host pathways, supporting their integration into functional food and nutraceutical development. Further clinical research and regulatory standardization are warranted to translate these findings into evidence-based interventions.

Adolescent girls are at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. Dadih has high nutritional value and iron and probiotics. This study aimed to analyze the effect of administering Dadih to prevent iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls aged 12-15. This study used a randomized controlled trial pre-posttest group design, which consisted of an intervention and control group totalling 40 participants taken randomly at the Sumatera Thawalib Parabek Bukittinggi Islamic Boarding School from February to June 2023. In both groups, serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels were measured before and after treatment for 14 days. The intervention group was administered 100 g of Dadih 1x a day, and the control group was administered a placebo. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon statistical and Paired T-test at a 95%CI. Results: There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin levels before and after treatment (p=0,003). There was no significant difference in serum ferritin levels before and after treatment (p=0,191). In conclusion, the administration of 100 g of dadih did not increase serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels, and the independent administration of 100 g of Dadih to prevent iron deficiency anemia still needs to be considered.

Background: Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) presents a notable risk, with 3–10% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases having a family history. Studies link FPC to syndromes like HBOC, suggesting BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations play a role. BRCA gene functions in DNA repair impact FPC management, influencing sensitivity to therapies like PARP inhibitors. Identifying mutations not only aids FPC treatment but also reveals broader cancer risks. However, challenges persist in selectively applying genetic testing due to cost constraints. This Systematic Review focuses on BRCA1/BRCA2 significance in FPC, diagnostic criteria, prognostic value, and limitations. Method: Original articles published from 2013 to January 2023 were sourced from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria comprised observational cohort or diagnostic studies related to the role of BRCA1/2 mutation in correlation to familial pancreatic cancer (FPC), while article reviews, narrative reviews, and non-relevant content were excluded. The assessment of bias used ROBINS-I, and the results were organized using PICOS criteria in a Google spreadsheet table. The systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Result: We analyzed 9 diagnostic studies encompassing 1325 families and 4267 patients from Italy, USA, and Poland. Despite the limitation of limited homogenous PICO studies, our findings effectively present evidence. BRCA1/2 demonstrates benefits in detecting first-degree relatives FPC involvement with 2.26–10 times higher risk. These mutation findings also play an important role since with the BRCA1/2 targeted therapy, Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase inhibitors (PARP) may give better outcomes of FPC treatment. Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 administration’s impact on odds ratio (OR) based on six and five studies respectively. BRCA1 exhibited non-significant effects (OR = 1.26, P = 0.51), while BRCA2 showed significance (OR = 1.68, P = 0.04). No heterogeneity observed, indicating consistent results. Further research on BRCA1 is warranted. Conclusion: Detecting the BRCA1/2 mutation gene offers numerous advantages, particularly in its correlation with FPC. For diagnostic and prognostic purposes, testing is strongly recommended for first-degree relatives, who face a significantly higher risk (2.26–10 times) of being affected. Additionally, FPC patients with identified BRCA1/2 mutations exhibit a more favorable prognosis compared to the non-mutated population. This is attributed to the availability of targeted BRCA1/2 therapy, which maximizes treatment outcomes.

Background: A non-union fracture is one of the most common complications arising from an untreated fracture. Bone grafts are able to fasten bone healing which can prevent and cure non-union fractures. Therefore, alternative hydroxyapatite bone grafts from waste resources are needed to increase the availability of bone grafts in the healthcare system. A bone substitute, hydroxyapatite (HA), has the ability to prevent non-union fractures. Green mussel shell contains 95.69 percent HA, allowing for an annual production of 133.97–287.07 tons per ha of HA, and is a potent alternative material in the manufacture of HA. Methods: This research was conducted for four months using a true experimental research method with a post-test-only control group design. This study used 36 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) which were divided into 9 groups: positive control, negative control, and intervention at weeks 2, 4 and 6 after the intervention. All groups were subjected to three general procedures: pre-surgery, surgery, and post-surgery. Results: The findings demonstrated that green mussel shell HA has efficacy in accelerating bone healing, better than HA bovine, as compared to the 6-week negative control group and demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Green mussel hydroxyapatite is proven to be able to fasten and maximize the bone healing process as fast as bovine HA, and even has higher efficacy than bovine HA.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of several malignancies, driven by shared pathophysiological mechanisms including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and dysregulated growth factor signaling. This study adopts a narrative and mechanistic review design, synthesizing evidence from preclinical and selected clinical studies to examine how marine-derived nutraceutical compounds potentially modulate molecular pathways implicated in diabetes-induced carcinogenesis. The review focuses on key bioactive classes, including marine polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan and alginate), omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), polyphenols (fucoxanthin and phlorotannins), and marine peptides. Across experimental models, these compounds have been consistently associated with reduced markers of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., NF-κB and IL-6), and modulation of insulin-related pathways such as IGF-1/PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling. Reported effects include reductions in reactive oxygen species levels, downregulation of inflammatory cytokine expression, and improved metabolic biomarkers in in vitro and animal models. However, the evidence remains largely preclinical, with substantial heterogeneity in compound composition, dosing, and bioavailability across studies. Consequently, direct clinical efficacy cannot be inferred. Key limitations include reliance on experimental models, limited quantitative comparability across studies, and translational barriers related to standardization, pharmacokinetics, and long-term safety. Overall, this review provides a mechanistic framework that may inform future translational and clinical investigations, while underscoring the need for rigorously designed human studies.

Purpose: The National Health Insurance (JKN) implemented by the Indonesian government since 2014 has brought Indonesia to a new phase in realizing the right to health for its people. The social insurance system managed by Social Health Insurance Administration Body (BPJS) is felt to bring many benefits to the community despite many obstacles in its implementation. This study seeks to find the ethical dilemmas experienced by surgical and non-surgical specialists in implementing the JKN program in hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted using the qualitative method with the phenomenological approach by conducting in-depth interviews with five surgical specialists (an obstetric and gynecology, an otolaryngologist specialist, a surgeon, an eye specialist, and an anaesthesiologist) and six non-surgical specialists (children, mental health, internal medicine, medical rehabilitation, nerves, and skin specialists) in Semarang, Indonesia. In each specialization, there are two respondents interviewed. The data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. Results: Some problems still exist when specialist doctors treat BPJS patients in hospitals, which include: 1) lack of socialization, making doctors as implementers find it difficult to implement the rules; 2) different implementations in various hospitals, making doctors find it difficult to adjust when they practice at type C hospitals because the number of claims is often insufficient to provide services to patients; 3) the JKN program that has increased the number of patients, resulting in doctors' concerns about lawsuits if they make mistakes; moreover, doctors also have to adjust to existing cost claims; and 4) doctors still trying to uphold the doctor's oath and The Indonesian Medical Ethics Code (KODEKI) and always do the best for patients whatever the problem. Conclusion: The implementation of JKN must always be evaluated continuously, and the government still has to pay attention to the obstacles faced by doctors in the field. In carrying out their practice full of dilemmas, doctors must always receive adequate legal and ethical protection.