Towing cable arrays have made significant contributions across various fields, and their outspread process is crucial for realizing their functionalities. However, research on the dynamic characterization of the outspread process of towed cable arrays lacks systematic organization. This paper reviews, organizes, and analyzes the outspread process of towing cable arrays, drawing on relevant models, case studies, and structural features. It ingeniously applies concepts from parachute outspread to the analysis of towing-cable-array deployment. The study systematically examines the deployment of towing cable arrays under varying cable lengths, wave conditions, and the interactions between line arrays. The goal is to integrate existing research on the outspread of towing cable arrays, addressing the gaps in the description of this process and providing a comprehensive analysis of the outspread characteristics under different conditions. Additionally, this paper identifies current limitations in this area and provides insights for future developments. Furthermore, it explores the potential application of AI to address these challenges. The aim of this paper is to contribute meaningfully to this field.

Marine environmental monitoring and other missions demand long-term power supply for equipment. Addressing the shortcomings of existing power supply methods, this paper focuses on flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (FOCE-TENG), a novel marine current energy harvesting technology, and reviews its latest research progress. This technology efficiently captures low-velocity marine current energy and is suitable for scenarios where traditional technologies struggle to operate. Drawing on interdisciplinary theories, the paper elucidates key aspects including flow-induced vibration mechanisms, power generation performance regulation, and testing systems. It demonstrates that optimizing structural design and materials can enhance efficiency and stability. While challenges remain, such as adapting to extreme environments, future technological advancements hold promise for engineering applications, enabling sustainable power supply for underwater equipment.