Retatrutide is a novel triple hormone receptor agonist which has shown great promise in tackling obesity in preliminary trials. We did this systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the results of all available trials and ascertain its safety and efficacy in the treatment of obesity. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase using appropriate search terms and randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified which reported the safety and efficacy of retatrutide. Data was pooled using mean differences for continuous variables and risk ratios for the safety profile in RStudio. After the initial search four RCTs were included in the analysis which compared the safety and efficacy of retatrutide versus placebo. Retatrutide showed a dose dependent relationship with the 12 mg dose causing the maximum reductions across all the outcomes considered. The safety profile of retatrutide was found to be comparable to the control group. In conclusion our analysis found retatrutide to be clinically and statistically better than placebo in the various studies outcomes. We eagerly await the conduction of further trials for more robust and substantial results. www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD42024566153.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Recent guidelines advocate for out-of-office blood pressure monitoring, including ambulatory and home BP monitoring, to better identify hypertension phenotypes like masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension. However, clinical inertia persists due to a lack of robust evidence on the effectiveness of screening these phenotypes and their association with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between various hypertension phenotypes and future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality to support the broader implementation of out-of-office BP monitoring. Main body: Following PRISMA, Cochrane, and MOOSE guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in Pubmed, OvidSP, and Cochrane Central databases up to October 17, 2023. Eligible studies reported associations between hypertension phenotypes and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality, with normotension as the reference group. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Eight studies with 15,327 participants were included. Masked hypertension was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (pooled HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.69–2.48). Sustained hypertension also showed a higher risk (pooled HR 2.42, 95% CI 2.12–2.76). WCH did not significantly increase cardiovascular mortality risk (pooled HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.98–1.42). For all-cause mortality, neither masked hypertension (pooled HR 2.10, 95% CI 0.91–4.88) nor white coat hypertension (pooled HR 1.96, 95% CI 0.71–5.42) showed significant increases. Conclusion: Masked hypertension and sustained hypertension are linked to higher cardiovascular mortality compared to normotension, highlighting the importance of out-of-office BP monitoring to identify and manage high-risk phenotypes effectively. Further high-quality studies are needed to generalize these findings and support policy changes.

Remogliflozin is a novel SGLT-2 inhibitor used for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Since its introduction medical literature is scarce on its quantitative effects. We performed this meta-analysis to ascertain its safety and efficacy in the treatment of T2DM. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook, six studies involving 1,605 participants were analyzed. Our analysis found comparable reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by remogliflozin in comparison to the comparators. It was found to be inferior to other anti-diabetic drugs in decreasing fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial glucose. A significant reduction was obtained in body weight and a significant increase was also found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Remogliflozin did not significantly increase the risk for total adverse events, severe adverse events, or hypoglycemic episodes. The results were accompanied by high heterogeneity, which necessitates conducting high-quality randomized control trials for more robust evidence synthesis. Overall Remogliflozin can be considered a safe drug with beneficial effects on body weight and HDL-C levels for the treatment of people with T2DM.

Brain tumors, both malignant and non-malignant, represent a persistent global health challenge. Differences in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes are influenced by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographical location. Brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors rank 19th in global cancer incidence and 12th in cancer-related mortality. U.S. Incidence is higher in females and individuals with greater socioeconomic means, contrasting with global patterns where males are more affected. Glioblastoma has a wide variation in incidence and survival by state, with rural regions showing higher mortality despite lower incidence, often due to reduced access to specialized care. Non-Hispanic Black children with CNS tumors experience higher mortality than their White peers, even after adjusting for SES. Outcomes are generally poorer in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare infrastructure remains limited. Biological and genetic differences may also influence treatment response and tumor behavior across population groups. This review outlines key variations in brain tumor care, with a key focus on the United States, and emphasizes the need for patient-centered strategies to ensure timely diagnosis, consistent treatment, and improved outcomes.