Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from one generation to another as a result of climate change, soil, atmosphere, and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences for the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition, together with other etiopathogenic factors, contributes to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren in Vâlcea County, Romania, according to the three main classes of malocclusions (according to Angle’s classification), age groups (from 6 to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old), gender (male and female), and place of origin (rural and urban). For Angle class I malocclusions, we recorded the highest prevalence (48.78% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), followed by Angle class II malocclusions (45.85% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), and for Angle class III malocclusions we found the lowest prevalence (5.37% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions). According to gender, we found the highest prevalence in the female gender (29.90% of the total number of female subjects), while in the male gender, we recorded a prevalence of 27.70% of the total number of male subjects. Regarding the place of origin, there is a higher prevalence of malocclusions in urban areas (29.16%). The study subgroup included 140 children randomly selected from the total number of subjects in the study group. They were included in a more advanced study. The aim is to find potential associations between the presence of malocclusions and various oral variables. Categorical variables were expressed as numerical values and percentages, and their association was evaluated with either the Chi-square test of association or homogeneity, or the Fisher Exact test. The acquired data were incorporated into a binomial logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of developing malocclusions in relation to the following variables: defective phonation, bruxism, frequency of teeth brushing, onychophagia, oral respiration, infantile deglutition, placing objects between the maxillaries, thumb sucking, and salivary aspects. It is also aimed at comparing the results obtained with similar ones from the specialized literature.

Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from a generation to another as a result of climate changes, soil, atmosphere and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences on the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition together with other etiopathogenic factors contribute to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren from Vâlcea County, Romania, according to the three main classes of malocclusions (according to Angle’s classification), age groups (from 6 to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old), gender (male and female) and place of origin (rural and urban). For Angle class I malocclusions we recorded the highest prevalence (48,78% from the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), followed by Angle class II malocclusions (45,85% from the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions) and for Angle class III malocclusions we found the lowest prevalence (5,37% from the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions).According to gender, we found the highest prevalence in female gender (29,90% from the total number of female subjects), while in male gender we recorded a prevalence of 27,70% from the total number of male subjects. Regarding the place of origin, there is a higher prevalence of malocclusions in the urban areas (29,16%). The study subgroup included 140 children randomly selected from the total number of subjects from the study group. They were included in a more advanced study. The aim is to find potential associations between the presence of malocclusions and various oral variables. Categorical variables were expressed as numerical values and percentages, and their association was evaluated with either the Chi-square test of association or homogeneity, or the Fisher Exact test. The acquired data were incorporated into a binomial logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of developing malocclusions in relation to the following variables: defective phonation, bruxism, frequency of teeth brushing, onychophagia, oral respiration, infantile deglutition, placing objects between the maxillaries, thumb sucking and salivary aspects. It is also aimed to compare the results obtained with similar ones from the specialized literature.

This study aimed to evaluate the new orthodontic TiNb wires in direct comparison to the gold standard in orthodontics, NiTi wires, when treating. There is limited literature on patients with severe malocclusions being treated from start to end with TiNb, and TiNb wires were mostly used in the final stages of treatment. Our protocol consisted of three orthodontic wires: 0.016, 0.016 × 0.025, and 0.019 × 0.025 for levelling and aligning the stage and 0.019 × 0.025 stainless steel for the finishing stage, in order to treat the same case reproduced on a modified scientific simulator. The bracket system used was made by GC slot 0.22, TiNb wires made by Morita, and NiTi wires produced by GC. We ligated all brackets using SS wire ligatures 0.008, and for anchorage, we used a transpalatal arch. The temperature of the scientific simulator was set between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. We have used upper arches and studied the repositioning of upper ectopic canines and space closure in order to obtain an equilibrated maxillary arch. After each change of orthodontic wires, we scanned the upper arch using Medit i600 (Medit, Seoul, Republic of Korea). After concluding all stages on all upper arches, we assessed the results using LITTLE’s Irregularity index and stereo microscopy to explain metal stress on NiTi and TiNb. We propose an optimized process for using TiNb and NiTi wires when treating class II severe malocclusions with premolar extractions. Thus, we observed permanent deformation for all 0.016 TiNb wires used in the first stage, so TiNb underperformed in comparison with NiTi. Also, the Little’s Irregularity Index was superior in the NiTi wires group on 0.016 wires, verifying the change of state in the TiNb wires group.

Malocclusions are increasingly prevalent worldwide, and impacted maxillary canines (1-3% in general populations) remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A similar study was needed in the Oltenia Region, Romania. Background/Objectives: To deter-mine the prevalence of malocclusions and canine eruption disturbances in children aged 6-14 years, and to analyse their association with sex, age, malocclusion type and man-dibular prognathism. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 640 children (323 boys, 317 girls) were examined clinically. Malocclusions were classified by dento-alveolar dis-harmony and German-school syndromes, and orthopantomography was requested when canine ectopy was suspected. Canine pathology was recorded as buccal or palatal ectopy or included canine. Data were analysed with chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests and binary logistic regression. Results: Malocclusions were present in 206 children (32.2%), 129 aged 6-10 and 77 aged 11-14 years. The most frequent were dento-alveolar disharmony with crowding (31.6%) and maxillary compression with protrusion (25.2%). Their distribution did not differ by sex (p = 0.784) or age (p = 0.834). Among these 206 children, 32 (15.5%) had impacted canines: 30 with canine ectopy (14.6%; 14 palatal, 16 buccal) and two with included canines. Impaction and ectopy were markedly more frequent at 11-14 than at 6-10 years (37.7% vs 2.3% and 35.1% vs 2.3%, respectively; both p < 0.0005) and did not differ by sex. Ectopy was found in 14 of 65 children with crowding and 16 of 141 without (OR ≈ 2.14, 95% CI 0.98-4.71; p = 0.054), a borderline, non-significant association. No other malocclusion type was associated with ectopy. The logistic regression models were non-significant and limited by the small number of events. Conclusions: Age was the main factor associated with canine eruption disturb-ances, reflecting the timing for canine eruption and diagnosis. Dental crowding was the most incriminated local factor, although its association remained statistically inconclu-sive. These exploratory findings support careful clinical and radiographic monitoring of canine eruption between 11 and 14 years, particularly in children with crowding or re-duced space for natural alignment of dental units.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the new orthodontic TiNb wires, in direct comparation to the golden standard in orthodontics, NiTi wires, when treating. There is limited information, in the literature, about patients with severe malocclusions being treated form start to end with TiNb, and the TiNb wires were mostly use iThe aim of the study was to evaluate the new orthodontic TiNb wires, in direct comparation to the golden standard in orthodontics, NiTi wires, when treating. There is limited information, in the literature, about patients with severe malocclusions being treated form start to end with TiNb, and the TiNb wires were mostly use in the final stages of treatment. Our pro-tocol consisted of three orthodontic wires 0.016, 0.016x0.025, 0.019x0.025 for levelling and aligning stage and 0.019x0.025 stainless steel for finishing stage, in order to treat the same case reproduced on a modified scientific simulator. The bracket system used was made by GC slot 0.22, TiNb wires made by Morita and the NiTi wires produced by GC. We ligated all bracket using SS wire ligatures 0.008, for anchorage we used transpalatal arch. The temperature of the scientific simulator was set between 20-25 degrees Cel-sius. We’ve used upper arches and we studied the repositioning of upper ectopic canines and space closure in order to obtain an equilibrated maxil-lary arch. After each changing of orthodontic wires we scanned the upper arch using Medit I600. After concluding all stages on all upper arches we assessed the results using LITTLE´s Iregularity index and stereo micros-copy to explain metal stress on NiTi and TiNb, we propose an optimized process of using TiNb and NiTi wires when treating class II severe maloc-clusions with premolar extractions. Thus, we observed permanent defor-mation for all 0,016 TiNb wires used in first stage, so TiNb underperformed in comparation with NiTi. Also, the Little´s Iregularity Index was superior in the NiTi wires group on 0.016 wires verifying the change of state in TiNb wires group.n the final stages of treatment. Our pro-tocol consisted of three orthodontic wires 0.016, 0.016x0.025, 0.019x0.025 for levelling and aligning stage and 0.019x0.025 stainless steel for finishing stage, in order to treat the same case reproduced on a modified scientific simulator. The bracket system used was made by GC slot 0.22, TiNb wires made by Morita and the NiTi wires produced by GC. We ligated all bracket using SS wire ligatures 0.008, for anchorage we used transpalatal arch. The temperature of the scientific simulator was set between 20-25 degrees Cel-sius. We’ve used upper arches and we studied the repositioning of upper ectopic canines and space closure in order to obtain an equilibrated maxil-lary arch. After each changing of orthodontic wires we scanned the upper arch using Medit I600. After concluding all stages on all upper arches we assessed the results using LITTLE´s Iregularity index and stereo micros-copy to explain metal stress on NiTi and TiNb, we propose an optimized process of using TiNb and NiTi wires when treating class II severe maloc-clusions with premolar extractions. Thus, we observed permanent defor-mation for all 0,016 TiNb wires used in first stage, so TiNb underperformed in comparation with NiTi. Also, the Little´s Iregularity Index was superior in the NiTi wires group on 0.016 wires verifying the change of state in TiNb wires group.