Internet of things (IoT) has become an emerging technology transforming everyday physical objects to be smarter by using underlying technologies such as sensor networks. The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered one of the promising protocols designed for the IoT networks. However, due to the constrained nature of the IoT devices in terms of memory, processing power, and network capabilities, they are exposed to many security attacks. Unfortunately, the existing Intrusion Detection System (IDS) approaches using machine learning that have been proposed to detect and mitigate security attacks in internet networks are not suitable for analyzing IoT traffics. This paper proposed an IDS system using the hybridization of supervised and semi-supervised deep learning for network traffic classification for known and unknown abnormal behaviors in the IoT environment. In addition, we have developed a new IoT specialized dataset named IoTR-DS, using the RPL protocol. IoTR-DS is used as a use case to classify three known security attacks (DIS, Rank, and Wormhole). The proposed Hybrid DL-Based IDS is evaluated and compared to some existing ones, and the results are promising. The evaluation results show an accuracy detection rate of 98% and 92% in f1-score for multi-class attacks when using pre-trained attacks (known traffic) and an average accuracy of 95% and 87% in f1-score when predicting untrained attacks for two attack behaviors (unknown traffic).

A business process re-engineering value in improving the business process is undoubted. Nevertheless, it is incredibly complex, time-consuming and costly. This study aims to review available literature in the use of machine learning for business process re-engineering. The review investigates available literature in business process re-engineering frameworks, methodologies, tools, techniques, and machine-learning applications in automating business process re-engineering. The study covers 200+ research papers published between 2015 and 2020 in reputable scientific publication platforms: Scopus, Emerald, Science Direct, IEEE, and British Library. The results indicate that business process re-engineering is a well-established field with scientifically solid frameworks, methodologies, tools, and techniques, which support decision making by generating and analysing relevant data. The study indicates a wealth of data generated, analysed and utilised throughout business process re-engineering projects, thus making it a potential greenfield for innovative machine-learning applications aiming to reduce implementation costs and manage complexity by exploiting the data’s hiding patterns. This suggests that there were attempts towards applying machine learning in business process management and improvement in general. They address process discovery, process behaviour prediction, process improvement, and process optimisation. The review suggests that expanding the applications to business process re-engineering is promising. The study proposed a machine-learning model for automating business process re-engineering, inspired by the Lean Six Sigma principles of eliminating waste and variance in the business process.

Ocean fronts have an important influence on global ocean–atmosphere interactions and marine fishery. Hence, it is of great significance to obtain the positions of the ocean fronts. However, current ocean front detection research confronts two challenges: scarcity of labeled data and limitations of ocean front detection algorithms. To address these two problems, we have collected and labeled an ocean front data set and proposed a new deep learning model for ocean front detection. For concreteness, due to the weak edge property of the ocean fronts, we formulate ocean front detection as a weak edge identification problem and propose the weak edge identification network (WEIN) for ocean front detection. WEIN consists of four convolutional blocks. Each block has a side output layer used to detect front edges at a specific image representation level. The side outputs are then fused to predict (detect) the locations of the ocean fronts. In this work, we adopt two metrics to measure the experimental results, i.e., the $F_{1}$ -score and intersection over union (IoU). The experimental results with comparison to traditional and deep learning approaches demonstrate the superiority of WEIN for ocean front detection.

In this article, we propose a new semi-supervised method to detect the changes occurring in a geographical area after a major damage. We detect the changes by processing a pair of optical remote sensing images. The proposed method adopts a patch-based approach, whereby we use a Siamese CNN (S-CNN), trained with augmented data, to compare successive pairs of patches obtained from the input images. The main contribution of this work lies in developing a S-CNN training phase without resorting to class labels that are actually not available from the input images. We train the S-CNN using genuine and impostor patch pairs defined in a semi-supervised way from the input images. We tested the proposed change detection model on four real datasets and compared its performance to those of two existing models. Obtained results were very promising.