Background/Objective: Accurate biological profile estimation from skeletal remains is fundamental to forensic identification. While the humerus demonstrates considerable sexual dimorphism, population-specific validation data for Thai populations remain limited. This study aimed to develop and independently validate population-specific equations for sex and stature estimation from humeral measurements in Northeastern Thai populations. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 adult humeri (150 male, 150 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection. Four osteometric measurements (maximum length, midshaft circumference, epicondylar breadth, superior–inferior head diameter) and weight were recorded. The sample was randomly divided into development (n = 200) and validation (n = 100) datasets. Logistic regression for sex estimation and linear regression for stature estimation were developed using stepwise selection. Results: Sex classification achieved 93.5% accuracy in development and 93.0% in independent validation. The optimal model incorporated midshaft circumference, superior–inferior head diameter, and weight, with an area under the curve of 0.977 (95% CI: 0.953–1.000), sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 96.0%, and Cohen’s kappa 0.86. Stature estimation demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.81 with a mean absolute error of 4.36 cm (2.74% of the mean stature). Independent validation confirmed minimal performance deterioration for both models. Conclusions: These independently validated, population-specific equations provide accurate and reliable methods for biological profile estimation in Northeastern Thai forensic contexts. The rigorous validation framework supports confident operational application and provides a methodological model for developing regional forensic standards.

Fractures of the distal radius often require surgical intervention, with plate fixation being a standard stabilization method. Screw loosening and pull-out propose significant complications, necessitating comprehensive understanding of fixation stability factors. This study introduces a novel approach by the combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental investigations on Thiel cadavers to evaluate screw pull-out behavior from plate fixation in en bloc distal radius resection with ulnar reconstruction. In comparison with previous investigations that used computational modeling or fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens, in the present research, FEA predictions specifically experimentally confirm the usage of Thiel cadavers, which better preserve soft tissue elasticity and hydration, thus more closely reflect in vivo conditions. Experimental set-up consisted of bending tests on cadavers and screw pull-out tests in Thiel-cadaveric radius specimens mimicking physiological conditions that induce the effects of screw pull-out. Finite element analysis and simulation were conducted using realistic clinical cases. Biomechanical test results indicated locking-plate deformation and screw loosening, particularly at locations closest to the ulnar bone gap. Torque measurements established various degrees of screw loosening, with the screws closest to the bone gap indicating maximum loosening. FEA demonstrated critical distributions of stresses in screws and locking plates, with good correlations to experimental findings. Screw pull-out force analysis showed vulnerability to loosening, particularly in the area of bone gaps, with findings consistent between biomechanical testing and FEA. This study offers valuable information on the surgical implications and biomechanical considerations of plate fixation for en bloc distal radius resection with ulnar reconstruction.

Background: Diosmin is a flavanone glycoside found in several citrus fruits’ pericarps, presenting several biological effects. The current research examined the effects and potential mechanisms of diosmin on vascular abnormalities in Sprague Dawley rats administered N ^ω ‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) hydrochloride, an L‐arginine analog. A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned into five groups ( n = 8 per group): control, L‐NAME, L‐NAME + low‐dose diosmin, L‐NAME + high‐dose diosmin, and L‐NAME + azilsartan. Treatments were given orally for 5 weeks. Results: Diosmin mitigated high blood pressure in rats exposed to a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ( p < 0.05). Vascular dysfunction caused by nitric oxide deficiency in both conduit and small arteries was alleviated by diosmin. Vascular remodeling included augmentations in aortic hypertrophy, number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and fibrosis accumulation, which were improved by diosmin management ( p < 0.05). Diosmin restored phosphorylated nitric oxide synthase 3 (p‐NOS3) protein expression, enhanced circulating nitrite/nitrate production, upregulated antioxidant defense enzymes, normalized the elevations of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and suppressed renin–angiotensin system (RAS) overactivity ( p < 0.05). Upregulation of aortic protein expression relevant to a hypertrophic pathway; angiotensin II receptor Type I (AT1R), gp91 ^phox , transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) proteins in rats given L‐NAME were suppressed by diosmin ( p < 0.05). Azilsartan was utilized as a positive control, demonstrating effects comparable to those observed with diosmin. Conclusion: These data suggested that diosmin exerts vasoprotective capacity in an animal model of hypertension. The possible mechanism was by inhibiting RAS activation and suppressing TGF‐β1, JAK2, STAT3, and MMP‐2 protein expressions, in accordance with decreasing oxidative stress and raising NO bioavailability.

The sternalis muscle, a well-documented anatomical variation in the chest muscles, has garnered attention in anatomical research but remains relatively unfamiliar to clinicians and radiologists. This variation exhibits a wide array of descriptions and classifications in the literature, emphasizing its highly variable characteristics. This study presents a new variant of the sternalis muscle with seven muscle bellies in a 79-year-old male donor. Bilateral accessory heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscles gave rise to two superior heads. Furthermore, five additional heads originated from the pectoralis major fascia, with three on the left and two on the right, together having widths of 6.6 cm on the left and 5.3 cm on the right. Innervation of the inferior heads was provided by the intercostal nerves. The configuration of the sternalis muscle with seven heads found in this study is exceptionally distinctive and has never been reported. This unique anatomical variation, coupled with three-dimensional imaging using photogrammetry, offers valuable insights for clinicians, especially in the context of breast surgery.