CFTR modulators significantly improve clinical parameters and quality of life in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the effect of this treatment on the microbial profile of the respiratory tract has not been sufficiently studied.   The aim. To assess changes in the microbial profile and clinical characteristics in adult CF patients during targeted therapy, to determine the correlation of these parameters with the duration of CFTR modulators treatment.   Methods. The study included data on patients over 18 years of age from the national registry of patients with cystic fibrosis for 2021 – 2023. Data on microbiological, functional and anthropometric parameters of patients, as well as information on the use of CFTR modulators and antibiotics were analyzed.   Results. The study included 1 141 adult patients, the average age was 25.32 years, the proportion of men was 50.74 %. CFTR modulators were taken by 450 patients. Only in this group was a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in the first second (p < 0.001) and an increase in body mass index observed in 2021 – 2023. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the dominant pathogen, most often in the form of chronic infection. The groups by the dominant pathogen remained stable; the change in groups in 283 of 1,141 patients was not associated with the use of CFTR modulators or its duration. At the beginning of therapy with CFTR modulators (less than one year), an increase in the number of patients receiving oral antibacterial therapy was noted. With a longer use of targeted therapies, the number of courses of antibacterial therapy decreases.   Conclusion. According to the national registry of patients with cystic fibrosis for 2021 – 2023, the number of adults receiving CFTR modulators is increasing. Targeted therapy significantly improves respiratory function and nutritional status, but the microbiological profile of the respiratory tract of patients over 18 years of age did not change in the first years of treatment.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by dysregulation of immune responses and damage to healthy body tissues. Their complete cure remains elusive, and existing therapies are often accompanied by side effects. Recent studies have shown a signifi cant role of disturbances in the composition of the microbiome in the development of autoimmune reactions. Moreover, modulation of the microbiome through various therapeutic interventions represents a promising direction in the framework of complex therapy of the underlying disease. Extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes, transport biologically active substances between cells, and a number of studies have shown their therapeutic effect in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the microbiome remains poorly understood, and further research is needed to better understand their impact on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and associated microbiome changes, as well as to develop new treatment strategies. The presented literature review, based on a study of English-language sources, examines the importance of the microbiota of different loci of the human body (intestines, skin, oral cavity) in the development of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and Sjögren’s disease. The role of extracellular vesicles in modulating the microbiome during autoimmune diseases therapy is discussed.

Технологии оценки антиген-специфических CD8+-лимфоцитов на основе мультимеров

The growing use of computed tomography (CT) in medicine requires a better understanding of how low-dose radiation affects human stem cells. This study investigated the long-term consequences of CT-level radiation on the secretory profile of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). AD-MSCs were exposed to radiation regimens simulating a single or multiple head CT scans, or to a single 2 Gy therapeutic dose, and their secretion of 41 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was monitored during long-term culture. At the early passage, AD-MSCs receiving a single 2 Gy dose showed a coordinated increase in several lymphocyte-regulating cytokines compared to cells exposed to multiple CT scans. However, these initial differences were not sustained. Long-term culturing led to a progressive and widespread decrease in the secretion of 26 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors across all groups. By the latest passage, all irradiated cells showed a generalized reduction in secretory function compared to non-irradiated controls. These findings demonstrate that while different radiation regimens trigger distinct immediate responses, long-term culture results in a broad decline of the AD-MSCs secretome, which is accentuated by prior radiation exposure. This underscores the importance of assessing long-term consequences to fully evaluate the functional impact of diagnostic radiation on stem cells.