This review summarises the structural-compositional engineering of carbon nitride (g-C ₃ N ₄ ) for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO ₂ reduction to chemicals and fuels experimentally and theoretically.

Bimetallic Pt-based nanodendrites are of particular interest in various catalytic applications due to their high surface areas and low densities. Herein, we provide a facile method for one-pot synthesis of PtRu nanodendrites via the co-reduction of Pt and Ru precursors in oleylamine by H₂. The as-fabricated PtRu nanodendrites exhibit superior catalytic activity and durability compared with PtRu nanocrystals (NCs), synthesized under the same reaction conditions, and the commercial Pt/C catalyst towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).

We present a facile method for the rational design of highly exfoliated two-dimensional Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x nanosheets (T _x = O, OH, and F) doped with Cu (Cu/Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x ) for electrochemical CO ₂ reduction to formic acid at low Cu content of ∼1 wt%.