The aim of the study was to point out the importance of recognizing non-accidental injuries (NAI) and to highlight the importance of reporting such cases, as well as prosecuting the perpetrators, in order to detect potentially existing violence or prevent future violence in society. A total of 338 dogs and 54 cats were submitted for necropsy. Out of 338 dogs examined, 175 (51.8%) died due to non-natural cause of death, 122 from natural causes (36.1%), and 35 (10.3%) due to accidental injuries, and in 6 cases (1.8%) the cause and manner of death were undetermined due to advanced post-mortal changes. Out of 54 examined cats, 21 died due to non-natural causes (38.9%) and the same number of cats died due to natural causes. The prevalence of accidental injuries resulting in death were 20.4% (n = 11) and in 1.8% (n = 1) the manner of death remained indeterminate. The high number of animals confirmed to have died from unnatural causes in this study highlights the need for greater involvement from the police, prosecution, and society as a whole to reduce the number of violent animal deaths in the future.

The aim of this study is to describe new diagnostic and surgical orbital approaches using video endoscopy in canines. Four different endoscopic approaches were investigated in this study of video endoscopy in cadavers: dorsal transorbital ligament approach via incision of the orbital ligament (DTOLA), dorsal subpalpebral transconjunctival approach (DSTA), ventral subpalpebral transconjunctival approach (VSTA), and transoral orbital approach (TOA). Two additional approaches, the ventral transpalpebral approach (VTA) and dorsal caudal transmuscular approach (DCTA) along with the DTOLA and DSTA were used in clinical patients. The most technically demanding approach was DTOLA; however, it provided the best visualisation of different anterior and posterior orbital structures. Visualisation of primarily the dorsal orbital wall, dorsal portion of the eye globe, and dorsal extraconal space also was achieved by DSTA. The VSTA enabled good visualisation of the ventral orbital floor and the ventral extraconal and intraconal space. In contrast, the TOA provided relatively poor visualisation of orbital structures, limited to the ventral orbital quadrant. Meanwhile, the VTA provided visualisation similar to the VSTA, while DCTA visualisation was limited to the dorsal and caudal orbital space. Orbital endoscopy is an effective and minimally invasive procedure that can be used for diagnostic and surgical orbital procedures.

Akutno oštećenje bubrega (AKI, Acute Kidney Injury) predstavlja naglo oštećenje bubrežnog parenhima, koje može biti praćeno gubitkom funkcije bubrega i smanjenjem glomerularne filtracije sa posledičnom uremijom. Kategorije AKI uključuju prerenalnu (ishemija usled hipovolemije i hipotenzije), renalnu (inflamacija, infekcija, nefrotoksični agensi - ljiljani, grožđe, lekovi, etilen-glikol) i postrenalnu (opstruktivna nefropatija ili ruptura sistema za sakupljanje urina). Klinički znaci su rezultat nakupljanja uremičnih toksina. Najčešći su letargija, povraćanje, mučnina, dijareja, anoreksija i poremećena produkcija urina. Hematološki parametri prouzrokovani AKI, kao i poremećajima koji dovode do AKI, uključuju anemiju, trombocitopeniju, nespecifičnu leukocitozu i hemokoncentraciju. Biohemijski nalazi najčešće pokazuju povećanje koncentracije serumskog kreatinina, uree i fosfora. Analiza urina najčešće otkriva proteinuriju, hematuriju, piuriju i bakterijuriju. Ukupni mortalitet pasa i mačaka sa AKI iznosi oko 50%. Među preživelima, oko 50% se potpuno oporavi, a 50% razvije hroničnu bolest bubrega. Faktori koji utiču na ishod su uzročni faktor, težina oštećenja, komorbidni poremećaji, istovremene komplikacije i medicinski tretman. Etiologija utiče na dugoročni ishod zbog stepena reverzibilnosti. Leptospiroza, pijelonefritis, opstrukcija uretera i neki nefrotoksični agensi mogu biti reverzibilni, dok je toksičnost izazvana ljiljanima, grožđem i suvim grožđem obično ireverzibilna. Smanjeno izlučivanje urina je negativan prognostički faktor koji može ukazivati na težinu bolesti. Kod oliguričnih i anuričnih životinja, azotemija je izraženija zbog brzog nakupljanja uremičnih toksina. Lečenje AKI sastoji se od specifične terapije usmerene na uzrok, kao i potporne terapije zasnovane na stadijumu akutne bubrežne insuficijencije i statusu dehidratacije, elektrolita i acidobazne ravnoteže životinje. AKI je klinički značajan poremećaj u veterinarskoj medicini, jer se često sreće u praksi i ostaje značajan uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta uprkos napretku u dijagnostičkim i terapijskim pristupima.

This article describes the repair of a traumatic lesion on the upper lip of a 6 – year – old male mixed – breed dog using a full – thickness buccal advancement flap. The intact male was presented for examination by a rescue organization. The clinical assessment revealed that the dog was in good condition, though slightly dehydrated, with a temperature within normal limits and a good appetite. A significant defect on the upper right lip was identified, accompanied by discharge. Comprehensive health evaluations, including blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, 4D testing, and head X – rays, indicated that the dog was otherwise healthy, without any concurrent diseases. Wound debridement and tooth extraction were performed, followed by wound reconstruction using a full – thickness buccal advancement flap. Post – surgery, the dog underwent polarized light therapy twice daily for 10 minutes over a 10 – day period to speed up the wound healing process. In conclusion, the full – thickness buccal advancement flap procedure resulted in favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. The dog resumed normal food and water intake, exhibiting only mild facial asymmetry during the 6 – month follow – up, with no other observed difficulties.