The aim of this study was to identify the food sources of protein and 18 amino acids (AAs) in the average Polish diet. The analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Household Budget Survey (HBS) on the consumption of food products from a representative sample of 38,886 households (n = 99,230). This survey was organized, conducted and controlled by the Central Statistical Office, Social Surveys and Living Conditions Statistics Department in cooperation with the Statistic Office in Łódź based on the recording of expenditures, quantitative consumption, and revenues in budget books for one month. 91 food products from 13 food categories (e.g., meat and meat products, grain products) consisting of 42 food groups (e.g., red meat, milk, cheese) were analyzed to determine protein and amino acid intake from these products. Three categories delivered 80.9% of total protein (meat and meat products: 38.9%; grain products: 23.9%; and milk and dairy products: 18.1%). The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine and valine) were delivered mainly by meat and meat products (39.9%; 41.3% and 37.4%, respectively). Meat and meat products were also the most important source for other essential amino acids (EAAs: lysine 49.2%, histidine 46.6%, threonine 44.7%, tryptophan 41.4%, phenylalanine 35.3%, and methionine 44.2%). In terms of the contribution of the non-essential or conditionally essential amino acids to the average Polish diet, most important were grain products (for cysteine: 41.2%; glutamic acid: 33.8%; proline: 34.1%), and meat and meat products (for tyrosine: 38.3%; arginine: 46.1%; alanine: 48.7%; aspartic acid: 41.7%; glycine: 52.5%; serine: 33.6%). Five clusters were identified to assess the impact of socio-demographic and economic factors on the protein supply. The largest impact was observed for respondent education, degree of urbanization, study month, and usage of agricultural land. The shares of animal food in total protein supply amounted to 66.5% in total population and varied from 56.4% to 73.6% in different clusters.

The aim of this study was to identify the share of meat, meat products and seafood in the contribution of energy and 22 nutrients to the average Polish diet. Data from the nationally representative sample of Polish population (2016 Household Budget Survey) on meat and seafood product consumption from 38,886 households (n = 99,230) were calculated into one person per month. The analyses were conducted for seven food groups (e.g., red meat, poultry) and 16 products (e.g., beef, chicken). Approximately 18.5% of energy is delivered from the sources such as meat, meat products and seafood, providing a higher percentage of 18 nutrients to the diet (e.g., 56.0% of vitamin B12, 52.3% of niacin, 44.9% of cholesterol, 41.5% of protein, 41.4%of vitamin D, 37.6% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 37.4% of thiamin, 33.8% of zinc, 32.0% of total fats, 30.3% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 29.6% of vitamin B6, 25.3% of riboflavin, 24.9% of phosphorus, 24.8% of iron, 22.5% of vitamin A, 21.6% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 20.3% of sodium). For the contribution of 18 nutrients and energy, processed meat products were ranked first. These results should be taken into consideration in order to compose diets with adequate energy and nutrient contribution and also to analyze benefits and risk resulting from the current level of consumption of red and processed meat, fish and other seafood.

This article explores the intricate relationship between communication and trust in organizational settings, emphasizing their critical roles in navigating constant changes within an organization. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, the study identifies key factors influencing the development and maintenance of effective communication and trust. These factors include clear communication channels, active listening, open communication policies, accountability, cross-functional collaboration, mediation, and feedback mechanisms. The research delves into the foundations of trust, highlighting its multifaceted nature and emphasizing its impact on cooperation, competence development, motivation, knowledge sharing, and innovation. The discussion extends to the quality and quantity of information, emphasizing their role in building trust. Additionally, the study recognizes the evolving landscape of virtual teams and electronic communication tools in contemporary organizations. The findings provide valuable insights and actionable recommendations for organizations seeking to foster a positive and effective communicative environment, ultimately nurturing and upholding trust among individuals within the professional setting. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->

Data processing, artificial intelligence and IoT technologies are on the rise. The role of data transfer security systems and databases, known as Big Data, is growing. The main cognitive aim of the publication is to identify the specific nature of Big Data management in an enterprise. The paper...

Brand is currently one of the most important tools in the battle for the consumer. Therefore, positioning of the brand nowadays is a priority element in the marketing strategy of the enterprises. Each of them strives to effectively reach the consumer through various sources of marketing communications. The alternative to traditional advertising in the press or television has become the nontraditional marketing communications such as product placement and branding. This tool is much more effective because of the ability to direct the relevant marketing message to selected audience group at the right time and place. The aim of this chapter is to present selected aspects of product and brand placement as an unconventional tool for brand positioning. The special attention was given to define product and brand placement as well as to present its role in the creation of brand value for customers. This chapter consists of four parts related to (1) “introduction”; (2) “brand positioning and its role in product and brand placement”; (3) “product placement as one of the unconventional promotional tools with special attention given to definition, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness, as well as some examples related to movies, printed publications, and video games”; and (4) “conclusion.”

The agriculture industry is experiencing a transformative shift towards greater efficiency and sustainability through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into various production processes. This article presents an overview of selected AI tools and their practical utilization in agriculture, shedding light on their profound impact on enhancing crop yields, resource management, and overall farm productivity. The article also provides an overview of the definition of artificial intelligence and a timeline starting with the first mention of artificial intelligence and ending with the present to better understand the described issue. The article highlights the importance of responsible AI development and integration. The ethical and societal implications of AI in agriculture, such as job displacement and data privacy concerns, are also addressed. The adoption of AI technologies is expected to play a vital role in meeting the global food demand while addressing the challenges faced by the agriculture sector. However, it is crucial to navigate these advancements responsibly, ensuring that the benefits of AI in agriculture are maximized while minimizing potential drawbacks.