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A. Molino
Department for Sustainability—BioProducts and BioProcesses Lab. (ENEA—SSPT-BIOAG-PROBIO)

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Review
Published: 10 May 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Routine waterway dredging activities generate huge volumes of dredged sediment. The remediation of dredged contaminated sediment is a worldwide challenge. Novel and sustainable ex-situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediment have been developed and adopted in recent years. In this review paper, the state-of-art ex-situ treatment technologies and resource utilisation methods for contaminated sediment were critically reviewed. By applying different techniques, sediment could been successfully transformed into sustainable construction materials, such as ceramsite, supplementary cementitious materials, fill materials, paving blocks, partition blocks, ready-mixed concrete, and foamed concrete. We highlighted that proper remediation technologies should be cleverly selected and designed according to the physical and chemical characteristics of sediment, without neglecting important aspects, such as cost, safety, environmental impacts, readiness level of the technology and social acceptability. The combination of different assessment methods (e.g., environmental impact assessment, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis and life cycle assessment) should be employed to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of different sustainable remediation technologies. We call on the scientific community in a multidisciplinary fashion to evaluate the sustainability of various remediation technologies for contaminated sediment.

ACS Style

Yuying Zhang; Claudia Labianca; Liang Chen; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola; Binglin Guo; Jian Sun; Shiming Ding; Lei Wang. Sustainable ex-situ remediation of contaminated sediment: A review. Environmental Pollution 2021, 287, 117333 .

AMA Style

Yuying Zhang, Claudia Labianca, Liang Chen, Sabino De Gisi, Michele Notarnicola, Binglin Guo, Jian Sun, Shiming Ding, Lei Wang. Sustainable ex-situ remediation of contaminated sediment: A review. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 287 ():117333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuying Zhang; Claudia Labianca; Liang Chen; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola; Binglin Guo; Jian Sun; Shiming Ding; Lei Wang. 2021. "Sustainable ex-situ remediation of contaminated sediment: A review." Environmental Pollution 287, no. : 117333.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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This paper proposes a holistic approach to connect anthropogenic impacts to environmental remediation solutions. The eDPSIR (engineered-Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses) framework aims at supporting the decision-maker in designing technological solutions for a contaminated coastal area, where the natural matrices need to be cleaned up. The eDPSIR is characterized by cause-effect relationships that are operationally implemented through three multidisciplinary toolboxes: (i) Toolbox 1, to connect driving forces with pressures, classifying the state of the system and allowing the identification of target contaminants and the extent of contamination; (ii) Toolbox 2, to quantify bioaccumulation also by identifying corresponding areas; (iii) Toolbox 3, to identify the most suitable remediation solutions for previously identified contaminated areas, named contamination scenarios. The eDPSIR was calibrated on the case study of the Mar Piccolo in Taranto (Southern Italy), one of the most complex and polluted areas in Europe. While the consolidated DPSIR allows for a strategic response by limiting the use of contaminated areas or reducing upstream pressures, the eDPSIR made it possible to structure with a semi-quantitative logic the problem of assisting the decision-makers in choosing the optimal technological remediation responses for each sediment scenario of contamination (heavy metal; organic compounds; mixed). Assisted natural attenuation was identified as the best remediation technology in terms of treatment effectiveness and smallest amount of impacts involved in the project actions. However, considering the scenario of mixed contamination, in-situ reactive capping reached a good rank with a value of the composite indicator equal to 99.5%; thermal desorption and stabilization/solidification recorded a value of 94.1% and 84.6%, respectively. The application of these toolboxes provides alternative means to interpret, manage, and solve different cases of global marine contaminated sites.

ACS Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Lei Wang; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Michele Notarnicola. A holistic DPSIR-based approach to the remediation of heavily contaminated coastal areas. Environmental Pollution 2021, 284, 117129 .

AMA Style

Claudia Labianca, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Todaro, Lei Wang, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Michele Notarnicola. A holistic DPSIR-based approach to the remediation of heavily contaminated coastal areas. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 284 ():117129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Lei Wang; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Michele Notarnicola. 2021. "A holistic DPSIR-based approach to the remediation of heavily contaminated coastal areas." Environmental Pollution 284, no. : 117129.

Chapter
Published: 23 February 2021 in Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies
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The worldwide growing population needs water security for communities will rise higher in the near future. Natural freshwater sources globally decreasing rapidly; therefore, it is expected that clean water will be secured sincerely for basic human needs (Rezania et al. in J Hazard Mater 318:587–599, 2016c). Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, wastewater discharge into the environment is increasing day by day. In the last few years, developed countries are updating the environmental policies and dedicated to reducing water pollution as well as developing an efficient and self-sustainable approach for wastewater treatment. For higher efficacy particularly in metropolitan cities, the advancement of recognized traditional treatment methods of water and wastewater is in a need to be further developed.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Prasun Kumar; Tiziana Marino; Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Pradeep Verma; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. Aquatic Weeds: A Potential Pollutant Removing Agent from Wastewater and Polluted Soil and Valuable Biofuel Feedstock. Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies 2021, 59 -77.

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Prasun Kumar, Tiziana Marino, Patrizia Casella, Angela Iovine, Pradeep Verma, Dino Musmarra, Antonio Molino. Aquatic Weeds: A Potential Pollutant Removing Agent from Wastewater and Polluted Soil and Valuable Biofuel Feedstock. Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies. 2021; ():59-77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Prasun Kumar; Tiziana Marino; Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Pradeep Verma; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. 2021. "Aquatic Weeds: A Potential Pollutant Removing Agent from Wastewater and Polluted Soil and Valuable Biofuel Feedstock." Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies , no. : 59-77.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is considered an excellent solution for both waste management and energy generation, although the impacts of waste collection and transportation on the whole management system are not negligible. AD is often regarded as a centralized solution for an entire community, although recently, there has been some debate on the adoption of decentralized, smaller facilities. This study aims to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of an AD plant at the local scale for the treatment of organic waste generated from urban districts. Depending on the type of feedstock, two scenarios were evaluated and compared with the reference scenario, based on composting treatment: (1) mono-AD of OFMSW and (2) co-AD of OFMSW and sewage sludge (SS). Furthermore, different district extensions of the metropolitan area were considered with the goal of determining the optimal size. Results showed the advantage of the two scenarios over the reference one. Scenario 1 proved to be the most suitable solution, because the introduction of SS in Scenario 2 increased costs and payback time, rather than generating a higher waste amount and lower biogas yield. The preferred district extension was the medium-sized one. Capital cost strongly affected the economic analysis, but revenue from the city for the management operation of the organic waste could significantly decrease costs. Further studies about the differences in the type of feedstock or the introduction of other criteria of analysis (such as environmental) are considered necessary.

ACS Style

Giovanni Gadaleta; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola. Feasibility Analysis on the Adoption of Decentralized Anaerobic Co-Digestion for the Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste with Energy Recovery in Urban Districts of Metropolitan Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1820 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Gadaleta, Sabino De Gisi, Michele Notarnicola. Feasibility Analysis on the Adoption of Decentralized Anaerobic Co-Digestion for the Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste with Energy Recovery in Urban Districts of Metropolitan Areas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Gadaleta; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola. 2021. "Feasibility Analysis on the Adoption of Decentralized Anaerobic Co-Digestion for the Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste with Energy Recovery in Urban Districts of Metropolitan Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1820.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Antioxidants
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The aim of this study was to develop an effective integrated cultivation system for Haematococcus pluvialis as a source of bioactive compounds such as astaxanthin, lutein, proteins, and fatty acids (FAs). The Chlorophyta H. pluvialis was cultivated in a vertical bubble column photobioreactor (VBC-PBR) under batch mode, allowing switching from green to red phase for astaxanthin induction. The combined effect of light intensity and nutrients on bioactive compound formation was investigated. Results showed that growth under lower nutrients availability and light intensity led to a higher concentration of biomass. Growth under high light intensity with an appropriate concentration of nitrate, sulfate, phosphate and magnesium led to ~85% and ~58% higher production of total carotenoids and fatty acids, respectively. Under high stress conditions, ~90% nitrate and phosphate consumption were observed.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Neeta Sharma; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Vincenzo LaRocca; Antonio Molino; Dino Musmarra. An Integrated Strategy for Nutraceuticals from Haematoccus pluvialis: From Cultivation to Extraction. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 825 .

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Neeta Sharma, Angela Iovine, Patrizia Casella, Tiziana Marino, Vincenzo LaRocca, Antonio Molino, Dino Musmarra. An Integrated Strategy for Nutraceuticals from Haematoccus pluvialis: From Cultivation to Extraction. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (9):825.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Neeta Sharma; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Vincenzo LaRocca; Antonio Molino; Dino Musmarra. 2020. "An Integrated Strategy for Nutraceuticals from Haematoccus pluvialis: From Cultivation to Extraction." Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 825.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Pathogens
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Several bacteria pathogens are responsible for plant diseases causing significant economic losses. The antibacterial activity of Dunaliella salina microalgae extracts were investigated in vitro and in vivo. First, biomass composition was chemically characterized and subjected to extraction using polar/non-polar solvents. The highest extraction yield was obtained using chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) equal to 170 mg g−1 followed by ethanol (88 mg g−1) and hexane (61 mg g−1). In vitro examination of hexane extracts of Dunaliella salina demonstrated antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The hexane extract showed the highest amount of β-carotene with respect to the others, so it was selected for subsequent analyses. In vivo studies were also carried out using hexane extracts of D. salina against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on young tomato plants and fruits of tomato and zucchini, respectively. The treated young tomato plants exhibited a reduction of 65.7% incidence and 77.0% severity of bacterial speck spot disease. Similarly, a reduction of soft rot symptoms was observed in treated tomato and zucchini fruits with a disease incidence of 5.3% and 12.6% with respect to 90.6% and 100%, respectively, for the positive control.

ACS Style

Alfredo Ambrico; Mario Trupo; Rosaria Magarelli; Roberto Balducchi; Angelo Ferraro; Evangelos Hristoforou; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra; Patrizia Casella; Antonio Molino. Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2020, 9, 613 .

AMA Style

Alfredo Ambrico, Mario Trupo, Rosaria Magarelli, Roberto Balducchi, Angelo Ferraro, Evangelos Hristoforou, Tiziana Marino, Dino Musmarra, Patrizia Casella, Antonio Molino. Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (8):613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfredo Ambrico; Mario Trupo; Rosaria Magarelli; Roberto Balducchi; Angelo Ferraro; Evangelos Hristoforou; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra; Patrizia Casella; Antonio Molino. 2020. "Effectiveness of Dunaliella salina Extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Bacterial Plant Pathogens." Pathogens 9, no. 8: 613.

Review
Published: 23 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The study critically analyses the complex situation of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (South of Italy), considered one of the most polluted marine ecosystems in Europe. In order to investigate possible cause–effect relationships, useful to plan appropriate planning responses or remediation technologies to be adopted, the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model was applied. Methodologically, about 100 references have been considered, whose information was organized according to the logical scheme of the DPSIR. The results showed how the Mar Piccolo is the final receptor of pollutants coming from all industrial and agricultural activities, especially due to its natural hydrogeological network conformation. The anthropic activity represents a critical impact on the ecosystem due to the subsequent marine litter. The mobility of contaminants from sediments to the water column showed the potential risk related to the bioaccumulation of organisms from different trophic levels, posing a threat of unacceptable magnitude to human safety. The paper concludes by discussing the actions currently implemented by the authorities in response to the anthropogenic impacts as well as the need for new ones concerning both plans, programs, and remediation interventions. The case study shows how the DPSIR is a useful framework to organize extensive and heterogeneous information about a complex environmental system, such as the one investigated. This preliminary organization of the available data can represent the starting point for the development of a DPSIR-based Environmental Decision Support System (EDSS) with robust cause–effect relationships.

ACS Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. DPSIR Model Applied to the Remediation of Contaminated Sites. A Case Study: Mar Piccolo of Taranto. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5080 .

AMA Style

Claudia Labianca, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Todaro, Michele Notarnicola. DPSIR Model Applied to the Remediation of Contaminated Sites. A Case Study: Mar Piccolo of Taranto. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5080.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. 2020. "DPSIR Model Applied to the Remediation of Contaminated Sites. A Case Study: Mar Piccolo of Taranto." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5080.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2020 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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Mixed plastics from municipal solid waste are usually recycled in suitable Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) following separate collection. These plants allow the sorting of individual plastics with variable performance depending on the technologies adopted. The evaluation of the performance of MRFs is also conducted with different approaches, even in terms of timescales, making the results difficult to compare. In this context, this study presents a comprehensive techno-economic approach to evaluate the performance of a MRF for plastic waste recovery. As a support, the Molfetta MRF case study (Southern Italy) was considered with an inlet plastic amount of about 19,000 t/year. The methodological proposal was based on the analysis of the quantity and composition of the different incoming waste streams, calculation of the Purity Index (PI) and Recovery Index (RI), quantification of the mass balance as well as accurate economic assessment. PI and RI assess the technical performance of the facility. They achieved the highest values (>95 %) for manual and optical sorting indeed they reached good values (70–80 %) for dimensional one; the economic analysis showed a specific gain of 12.58 €/t of sorted waste. The comparison of the obtained results with those of a similar MRF in Northern Italy had corroborated the suitability of the proposed approach suggesting its application, although with the due exceptions referred to the economic part, to other world contexts.

ACS Style

Giovanni Gadaleta; Sabino De Gisi; Silvio M.C. Binetti; Michele Notarnicola. Outlining a comprehensive techno-economic approach to evaluate the performance of an advanced sorting plant for plastic waste recovery. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 143, 248 -261.

AMA Style

Giovanni Gadaleta, Sabino De Gisi, Silvio M.C. Binetti, Michele Notarnicola. Outlining a comprehensive techno-economic approach to evaluate the performance of an advanced sorting plant for plastic waste recovery. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 143 ():248-261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Gadaleta; Sabino De Gisi; Silvio M.C. Binetti; Michele Notarnicola. 2020. "Outlining a comprehensive techno-economic approach to evaluate the performance of an advanced sorting plant for plastic waste recovery." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 143, no. : 248-261.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Spills, leaks, and other environmental aspects associated with petroleum products cause hazards to human health and ecosystems. Chemicals involved are total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), solvents, pesticides, and other heavy metals. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is one of the main in-situ technologies currently employed for the remediation of groundwater and vadose zone contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The performance of an SVE remediation system was examined for a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with attention to remediation targets and final performance. The study assessed: (1) the efficiency of a full-scale remediation system and (2) the influence of parameters affecting the treatment system effectiveness. Results showed how VOC concentration in soil was highly reduced after four year treatment with a global effectiveness of 73%. Some soil samples did not reach the environmental threshold limits and, therefore, an extension of the remediation period was required. The soil texture, humidity, permeability, and the category of considered pollutants were found to influence the amount of total extracted VOCs.

ACS Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Picardi; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site by Soil Vapor Extraction: A Full-Scale Case Study. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4261 .

AMA Style

Claudia Labianca, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Picardi, Francesco Todaro, Michele Notarnicola. Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site by Soil Vapor Extraction: A Full-Scale Case Study. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudia Labianca; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Picardi; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. 2020. "Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site by Soil Vapor Extraction: A Full-Scale Case Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4261.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Nowadays, stabilization/solidification (S/S) applied to the treatment of contaminated marine sediments (CMSs) represents a key technology for the production of new materials for civil engineering. Literature has shown the feasibility of CMSs recycling, although sediment needs pre-treatments for the removal of organic matter and to improve the mechanical properties of the product post S/S. In view of the full-scale applicability where it is essential to reduce any additional phase (i.e., pre-treatments), this study is aimed at demonstrating the technical feasibility of recycling CMSs as filling materials by S/S treatments with lime, organoclay and activated carbon. The original sediments are contaminated with heavy metals, PCBs, and PAHs, exceeding limits values prescribed by law. Different mixtures were tested on the STABSOL-P pilot scale plant. The absence of specific CMSs pre-treatments resulted in failure to comply with the 28-days leaching test only for copper; greater air curing with 56-days allowed it to be complied with for all the investigated metals. The organic contamination, while slowing down the process of chemical stabilization, allowed in any case to get a product environmentally compatible. The unconfined compression strength tests showed values (>28 kPa) that would allow potential CMSs recycling for environmental enhancement. The mass balance of the case study of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Southern Italy) showed potential recycling of marine sediments (the production of 974 kg filling materials per 1000 kg of dredged sediment) with a consequent missed disposal in landfills of 0.65 m3/1000 kg of sediment.

ACS Style

Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Ernesto Mesto; Emanuela Schingaro; Michele Notarnicola. Recycling contaminated marine sediments as filling materials by pilot scale stabilization/solidification with lime, organoclay and activated carbon. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 269, 122416 .

AMA Style

Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Todaro, Ernesto Mesto, Emanuela Schingaro, Michele Notarnicola. Recycling contaminated marine sediments as filling materials by pilot scale stabilization/solidification with lime, organoclay and activated carbon. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 269 ():122416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Ernesto Mesto; Emanuela Schingaro; Michele Notarnicola. 2020. "Recycling contaminated marine sediments as filling materials by pilot scale stabilization/solidification with lime, organoclay and activated carbon." Journal of Cleaner Production 269, no. : 122416.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in Antioxidants
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Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae is a promising source of astaxanthin, an excellent antioxidant carotenoid. H. pluvialis, as well as other species, could find more extensive applications as healthy food for a variegated carotenoids composition in addition to astaxanthin. Official method has not currently been used for this purpose. The objective of this work was to propose a method to characterize carotenoids in H. pluvialis after the comparison between spectrophotometric and liquid chromatography analysis. In addition, in order to improve the use of astaxanthin in the food industry, thermal stability was investigated. In this context, the effect of temperature at 40–80 °C, over a 16 h storage period was tested on astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis. A further test was carried out at room temperature (20 °C) for seven days. A decrease in the astaxanthin concentration was observed at all tested temperatures with a decrease >50% of all-trans isomer at 80 °C after 16 h and an increase of 9-cis and 13-cis isomers. In conclusion, the obtained results showed the importance of evaluating the degradation effect of temperature on astaxanthin used as a food additive for a future greater enhancement of this bioproduct in the food field.

ACS Style

Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Sanjeet Mehariya; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. Smart Method for Carotenoids Characterization in Haematococcus pluvialis Red Phase and Evaluation of Astaxanthin Thermal Stability. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 422 .

AMA Style

Patrizia Casella, Angela Iovine, Sanjeet Mehariya, Tiziana Marino, Dino Musmarra, Antonio Molino. Smart Method for Carotenoids Characterization in Haematococcus pluvialis Red Phase and Evaluation of Astaxanthin Thermal Stability. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (5):422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Sanjeet Mehariya; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. 2020. "Smart Method for Carotenoids Characterization in Haematococcus pluvialis Red Phase and Evaluation of Astaxanthin Thermal Stability." Antioxidants 9, no. 5: 422.

Research article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Among ex situ remediation technologies, stabilization/solidification (S/S) provides for the addition of a binder to dredged materials in order to chemically immobilise the contaminants and improve mechanical behaviour of sediments. The simplest form of treatment is obtained by the addition of Portland cement or lime (calcium oxide), although other additives such as adsorbents may be added. Nevertheless, the success of the S/S treatment may be affected by the contaminants present or by the salt content in the water. In this study, experimental laboratory investigation was carried out on sediments carefully collected from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto in Southern Italy, contaminated by heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); the goal was to explore the effectiveness of S/S treatment by using Portland cement/lime as binders, monitoring over time (28 days) the leaching of the different mixtures of treated sediment. It is noted that the Mar Piccolo of Taranto is one of the sites of national interest subject to remediation by the Italian government. Once taken within the first meter under the sea floor by a team of experienced divers, the samples were stored at a controlled temperature, characterised in terms of grain size and physical-chemical characteristics and treated by S/S laboratory tests. The results indicate that the addition of binders increased the pH of the mixtures with a consequent leachability of different metals. The mobility of the metals appeared to be governed also by the curing time. The performance of the mixtures in terms of immobilised metals was influenced by the presence of organic contaminants (e.g. organic matter, PAHs and PCBs). As a lesson, high organic matter and fine-grained particles can negatively affect the effectiveness of the S/S treatment in terms of metal immobilisation.

ACS Style

Francesco Todaro; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola. Contaminated marine sediment stabilization/solidification treatment with cement/lime: leaching behaviour investigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 21407 -21415.

AMA Style

Francesco Todaro, Sabino De Gisi, Michele Notarnicola. Contaminated marine sediment stabilization/solidification treatment with cement/lime: leaching behaviour investigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (17):21407-21415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Todaro; Sabino De Gisi; Michele Notarnicola. 2020. "Contaminated marine sediment stabilization/solidification treatment with cement/lime: leaching behaviour investigation." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 17: 21407-21415.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The typical treatment scheme of a large municipal wastewater treatment plant (LWWTP) is almost always the result of design based on technical and economic criteria. Once a threshold in terms of population equivalent (PE) is reached, it is possible that additional sludge thermal treatment might be required. Aspects such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use for the construction of the WWTP or the service landfill are considered marginal in current design practice; in a world that requires increasingly attention to the environment, these criteria cannot be ignored when defining the treatment scheme of a LWWTP. With the intent of providing a sustainable approach to design, this study aims to identify the best treatment scheme for a LWWTP with a 720,000 PE size. Methodologically, the study involves the development of an approach based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Six alternative treatment schemes were considered; two simplified schemes, without primary sedimentation, with extended aeration activated sludge processes and aerobic sludge stabilization; four full schemes, with primary sedimentation and anaerobic sludge digestion. Some schemes differ for the organic loading rate applied; others for the use of sludge incineration. Subsequently, six evaluation criteria (ECs) such as GHG emissions, electricity consumption, running costs, WWTP planimetric area, surface for the service landfill, as well as WWTP as biorefinery have been considered. The weighting of the ECs involved the participation of the main stakeholders in such a decision-making process, following a bottom-up approach. The resolution of the MCDA problem allowed the identification of the full scheme based on primary sedimentation, biological activated sludge at low organic load (0.210 kgBOD5/kgVSS/d) and anaerobic sludge digestion as the best solution. The sensitivity analysis, able to indirectly take into account the multitude of decision makers involved, allowed corroborating the results. The obtained treatment scheme was different from that generally adopted in current design practice for LWWTPs.

ACS Style

Andreea Gherghel; Carmen Teodosiu; Michele Notarnicola; Sabino De Gisi. Sustainable design of large wastewater treatment plants considering multi-criteria decision analysis and stakeholders’ involvement. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 261, 110158 .

AMA Style

Andreea Gherghel, Carmen Teodosiu, Michele Notarnicola, Sabino De Gisi. Sustainable design of large wastewater treatment plants considering multi-criteria decision analysis and stakeholders’ involvement. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 261 ():110158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreea Gherghel; Carmen Teodosiu; Michele Notarnicola; Sabino De Gisi. 2020. "Sustainable design of large wastewater treatment plants considering multi-criteria decision analysis and stakeholders’ involvement." Journal of Environmental Management 261, no. : 110158.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2020 in Renewable Energy
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The gasification of biomass in supercritical water is a promising technology for hydrogen production and the paper reports a thermodynamic analysis, based on minimization of Gibbs free energy, of the gasification with supercritical water of different biomass and agro-food residues: almond shells, digestate from wastewater treatment, algae and manure sludge. Numerical simulations were performed in order to assess the effect of temperature, pressure and biomass-to-water ratio on gas-phase yield and composition. A partial energy integration was also discussed, by considering the energy recovery from a turbine expansion of the gas-phase stream leaving the gasifier. The proposed thermodynamic approach allows predicting not only gasification efficiency of gasifier but also energy balance on the entire gasification process. Results showed that the dry substrates (almond shells and algae more than digestate and sludge) tend to form more carbon monoxide. Besides, data comparison revealed that the produced hydrogen comes from biomass and water for high process temperature, while when temperature decreases, the thermodynamic path tends to promote water formation from the hydrogen of the dry biomass.

ACS Style

Domenico Macri'; Enrico Catizzone; Antonio Molino; Massimo Migliori. Supercritical water gasification of biomass and agro-food residues: Energy assessment from modelling approach. Renewable Energy 2020, 150, 624 -636.

AMA Style

Domenico Macri', Enrico Catizzone, Antonio Molino, Massimo Migliori. Supercritical water gasification of biomass and agro-food residues: Energy assessment from modelling approach. Renewable Energy. 2020; 150 ():624-636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Macri'; Enrico Catizzone; Antonio Molino; Massimo Migliori. 2020. "Supercritical water gasification of biomass and agro-food residues: Energy assessment from modelling approach." Renewable Energy 150, no. : 624-636.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 2020 in Bioenergy Research: Revisiting Latest Development
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Agro-industrial waste (AW) could be attractive carbon (C) source that have potential for production of high value-added biopolymers. AW can be derived from different sectors based on the compositional variation and transformed into biopolymers. Biopolymers are synthesized from diverse group of microbes and can be categorized into different groups. These biopolymers are a storing compound that is available in the cytoplasm of different group of microorganisms. This chapter describes the potential of AW for production of biopolymers, which allows the conversion of organic AW into biodegradable polymer production using the ecobiotechnological approach to reduce the overall cost. This will allow the development of the low-cost biopolymers, which can have different applications in various sectors. Therefore, it will increase demand of sustainable products with the rising its market demand.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Tiziana Marino; Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Gian Paolo Leone; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. Biorefinery for Agro-Industrial Waste Into Value-Added Biopolymers: Production and Applications. Bioenergy Research: Revisiting Latest Development 2020, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Tiziana Marino, Patrizia Casella, Angela Iovine, Gian Paolo Leone, Dino Musmarra, Antonio Molino. Biorefinery for Agro-Industrial Waste Into Value-Added Biopolymers: Production and Applications. Bioenergy Research: Revisiting Latest Development. 2020; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Tiziana Marino; Patrizia Casella; Angela Iovine; Gian Paolo Leone; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. 2020. "Biorefinery for Agro-Industrial Waste Into Value-Added Biopolymers: Production and Applications." Bioenergy Research: Revisiting Latest Development , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2019 in Materials
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In this paper, environmentally sustainable cement mortars were prepared with end-of-life tyre rubber (TR) and recycled waste porous glass (PG) as aggregates in order to obtain lightweight products characterized by renewable and not-pretreated materials specifically for indoor applications. The secondary raw materials were added as partial and/or total replacement of the conventional sand aggregate. The resulting lightweight specimens were characterized by rheological, mechanical, thermal, microstructural and wettability tests. Fine tyre rubber aggregates affected the cohesiveness of the composites, as opposite to coarse tyre rubber and porous glass. The flexural and the compressive strengths of the porous glass samples were higher than the tyre rubber samples because of the higher stiffness and good adhesion of the glass to the cement paste as observed by microstructural observations. On the contrary, an unfavorable adhesion of the tyre aggregates to the cement paste was observed, together with discrete cracks after failure without separation of the two parts of the specimens. The latter result can explain the best results obtained by tyre rubber mortars in the case of impact compression tests where the super-elastic properties of the elastomeric material were evidenced by a deep groove before complete failure. Moreover, the thermal conductivity decrease of the lightweight porous TR and PG composites was in the range of ~80–90% with respect to the sand-based samples, which suggests that they can be used as plasters and masonries, and, in the case of tyre rubber specimens, outside applications are not excluded as observed from the wettability tests.

ACS Style

Andrea Petrella; Rosa Di Mundo; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Claudia Labianca; Michele Notarnicola. Environmentally Sustainable Cement Composites Based on End-of-Life Tyre Rubber and Recycled Waste Porous Glass. Materials 2019, 12, 3289 .

AMA Style

Andrea Petrella, Rosa Di Mundo, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Todaro, Claudia Labianca, Michele Notarnicola. Environmentally Sustainable Cement Composites Based on End-of-Life Tyre Rubber and Recycled Waste Porous Glass. Materials. 2019; 12 (20):3289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Petrella; Rosa Di Mundo; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Claudia Labianca; Michele Notarnicola. 2019. "Environmentally Sustainable Cement Composites Based on End-of-Life Tyre Rubber and Recycled Waste Porous Glass." Materials 12, no. 20: 3289.

Review
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Andreea Gherghel; Carmen Teodosiu; Sabino De Gisi. A review on wastewater sludge valorisation and its challenges in the context of circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 228, 244 -263.

AMA Style

Andreea Gherghel, Carmen Teodosiu, Sabino De Gisi. A review on wastewater sludge valorisation and its challenges in the context of circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 228 ():244-263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andreea Gherghel; Carmen Teodosiu; Sabino De Gisi. 2019. "A review on wastewater sludge valorisation and its challenges in the context of circular economy." Journal of Cleaner Production 228, no. : 244-263.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2019 in Energies
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In this study, Scenedesmus almeriensis as green microalga was cultivated on bench-scale for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and lutein production. The autotrophic cultivation of S. almeriensis was carried out by using a vertical bubble column photo-bioreactor (VBC-PBR) with a continuous flow of a gaseous mixture of oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and CO2, the latter in content of 0.0–3.0 %v/v. The liquid phase was batch. S. almeriensis growth was optimized. In addition, lutein extraction was carried out by using accelerated solvent extraction with ethanol as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvent at 67 °C and 10 MPa. Upon optimization of CO2 concentration, the maximum biomass productivity, equal to 129.24 mg·L−1·d−1, was achieved during the cultivation by using a content of CO2 equal to 3.0 %v/v and it allowed to obtain a lutein content of 8.54 mg·g−1, which was 5.6-fold higher in comparison to the analogous process carried out without CO2 addition. The ion chemical analysis in the growth medium showed that by gradually increasing CO2 content, the nutrient consumption during the growth phase also increased. This study may be of potential interest for lutein extraction at industrial scale, since it is focused on pigment production from a natural source with a concomitantly CO2 capture.

ACS Style

Antonio Molino; Sanjeet Mehariya; Despina Karatza; Simeone Chianese; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra. Bench-Scale Cultivation of Microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis for CO2 Capture and Lutein Production. Energies 2019, 12, 2806 .

AMA Style

Antonio Molino, Sanjeet Mehariya, Despina Karatza, Simeone Chianese, Angela Iovine, Patrizia Casella, Tiziana Marino, Dino Musmarra. Bench-Scale Cultivation of Microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis for CO2 Capture and Lutein Production. Energies. 2019; 12 (14):2806.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Molino; Sanjeet Mehariya; Despina Karatza; Simeone Chianese; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Dino Musmarra. 2019. "Bench-Scale Cultivation of Microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis for CO2 Capture and Lutein Production." Energies 12, no. 14: 2806.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2019 in Molecules
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In this article, microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was used for fatty acid (FA) extraction, using a supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) extraction method. This study investigated the influence of different pre-treatment conditions by varying the grinding speed (200–600 rpm), pre-treatment time (2.5–10 min), and mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth (DE) and Nannochloropsis sp. biomass (0.5–2.0 DE/biomass) on FAs extraction. In addition, the effect of different operating conditions, such as pressure (100–550 bar), temperature (50–75 °C), and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) recovery, was analyzed. Experimental data evidenced that, keeping constant the extraction conditions, the pre-treatment step enhanced the FAs extraction yield up to 3.4 fold, thereby the maximum extracted amount of FAs (61.19 mg/g) was attained with the pre-treatment with a ratio of DE/biomass of 1 at 600 rpm for 5 min. Moreover, by increasing both SF-CO2 pressure and temperature, the selectivity towards EPA was enhanced, while intermediate pressure and lower pressure promoted DHA recovery. The highest amount of extracted EPA, i.e., 5.69 mg/g, corresponding to 15.59%, was obtained at 75 °C and 550 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min, while the maximum amount of extracted DHA, i.e., ~0.12 mg/g, equal to 79.63%, was registered at 50 °C and 400 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Moreover, the increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced both EPA and DHA recovery.

ACS Style

Gian Paolo Leone; Roberto Balducchi; Sanjeet Mehariya; Maria Martino; Vincenzo LaRocca; Giuseppe Di Sanzo; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Despina Karatza; Simeone Chianese; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. Selective Extraction of ω-3 Fatty Acids from Nannochloropsis sp. Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction. Molecules 2019, 24, 2406 .

AMA Style

Gian Paolo Leone, Roberto Balducchi, Sanjeet Mehariya, Maria Martino, Vincenzo LaRocca, Giuseppe Di Sanzo, Angela Iovine, Patrizia Casella, Tiziana Marino, Despina Karatza, Simeone Chianese, Dino Musmarra, Antonio Molino. Selective Extraction of ω-3 Fatty Acids from Nannochloropsis sp. Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction. Molecules. 2019; 24 (13):2406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gian Paolo Leone; Roberto Balducchi; Sanjeet Mehariya; Maria Martino; Vincenzo LaRocca; Giuseppe Di Sanzo; Angela Iovine; Patrizia Casella; Tiziana Marino; Despina Karatza; Simeone Chianese; Dino Musmarra; Antonio Molino. 2019. "Selective Extraction of ω-3 Fatty Acids from Nannochloropsis sp. Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction." Molecules 24, no. 13: 2406.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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This study aimed at verifying the technical feasibility of recovering and reusing several iron-rich residues from the steel production process through the production of briquettes that could potentially be reintroduced as a ferrous source into the converters during the transformation of hot metal into liquid steel. An experimental investigation was carried out on a pilot-scale briquetting plant that implements a pressurised cold agglomeration; 8 mixtures, with contents varying between 60 and 66% Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and a maximum of 27% of stock-house dusts and process sludges were tested. In the context of the circular economy, beet molasses was added in varying amounts as a binder, along with cheaper hydrated lime. Experimental results showed how each mixture of recycled materials was able to make briquettes with a high average crushing resistance (73.3 daN for the best mixture, indicated as 2b mix). The X-ray powder patterns, chemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of 2b mix briquettes revealed clean raw residues as well as the presence of limited amount of unwanted compounds such as phosphorus and sulphur, due to the molasses used. By adopting a replacement ratio of 1 between commercial and 2b mix briquettes, a possible safe use of 2b mix briquettes in BOF converters has been estimated. As a lesson, although other investigations need to be carried out (i.e., the reduction disintegration index assessment), briquetting has proven to be effective. It must be intended as an integration rather than a replacement of the input materials generally used in the BOF converter.

ACS Style

Sabino De Gisi; Lea Romaniello; Michele Dalessandro; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. Recovery of iron rich residues from integrated steel making process by hydrated lime/molasses pressurised cold agglomeration. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 233, 830 -840.

AMA Style

Sabino De Gisi, Lea Romaniello, Michele Dalessandro, Francesco Todaro, Michele Notarnicola. Recovery of iron rich residues from integrated steel making process by hydrated lime/molasses pressurised cold agglomeration. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 233 ():830-840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabino De Gisi; Lea Romaniello; Michele Dalessandro; Francesco Todaro; Michele Notarnicola. 2019. "Recovery of iron rich residues from integrated steel making process by hydrated lime/molasses pressurised cold agglomeration." Journal of Cleaner Production 233, no. : 830-840.