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Giuseppe Granata
Intelligen, Inc., 2326 Morse Avenue, Scotch Plains, NJ 07076, USA

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Journal article
Published: 18 December 2020 in Energies
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Photovoltaic panels were included in EU Directive as WEEE (Wastes of Electric and Electronic Equipment) requiring the implementation of dedicated collection schemes and end-of-life treatment ensuring targets in terms of recycling rate (80%) and recovery rate (85%). Photovoltaic panels are mainly made up of high-quality solar glass (70–90%), but also metals are present in the frames (Al), the cell (Si), and metallic contacts (Cu and Ag). According to the panel composition, about $72 per 100 kg of panels can be recovered by entirely recycling the panel metal content. The PhotoLife process for the treatment of end-of-life photovoltaic panels was demonstrated at pilot scale to recycle high value glass, Al and Cu scraps. A process upgrade is here reported allowing for polymer separation and Ag and Si recycling. By this advanced PhotoLife process, 82% recycling rate, 94% recovery rate, and 75% recoverable value were attained. Simulations demonstrated the economic feasibility of the process at processing capacity of 30,000 metric ton/y of end-of-life photovoltaic panels.

ACS Style

Antonio Rubino; Giuseppe Granata; Emanuela Moscardini; Ludovica Baldassari; Pietro Altimari; Luigi Toro; Francesca Pagnanelli. Development and Techno-Economic Analysis of an Advanced Recycling Process for Photovoltaic Panels Enabling Polymer Separation and Recovery of Ag and Si. Energies 2020, 13, 6690 .

AMA Style

Antonio Rubino, Giuseppe Granata, Emanuela Moscardini, Ludovica Baldassari, Pietro Altimari, Luigi Toro, Francesca Pagnanelli. Development and Techno-Economic Analysis of an Advanced Recycling Process for Photovoltaic Panels Enabling Polymer Separation and Recovery of Ag and Si. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6690.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Rubino; Giuseppe Granata; Emanuela Moscardini; Ludovica Baldassari; Pietro Altimari; Luigi Toro; Francesca Pagnanelli. 2020. "Development and Techno-Economic Analysis of an Advanced Recycling Process for Photovoltaic Panels Enabling Polymer Separation and Recovery of Ag and Si." Energies 13, no. 24: 6690.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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ACS Style

Giuseppe Granata; Uuganzaya Tsendorj; Wenying Liu; Chiharu Tokoro. Direct recovery of copper nanoparticles from leach pad drainage by surfactant-assisted cementation with iron powder. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2019, 580, 1 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Granata, Uuganzaya Tsendorj, Wenying Liu, Chiharu Tokoro. Direct recovery of copper nanoparticles from leach pad drainage by surfactant-assisted cementation with iron powder. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2019; 580 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Granata; Uuganzaya Tsendorj; Wenying Liu; Chiharu Tokoro. 2019. "Direct recovery of copper nanoparticles from leach pad drainage by surfactant-assisted cementation with iron powder." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 580, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Chemical Engineering Science
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Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for metal-metal bonding were prepared by aqueous reduction with d-glucose and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). Increasing the cupric concentration in the range 0.1–1.0 M resulted in a progressive increase in CuNPs size from 30 nm to 200 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed as the PVP groups responsible for capping were CN and CO at low cupric concentration and only CO at higher concentration. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) revealed as the reduction occurred in two steps, with a fast reduction of CuO to Cu2O and a slower reduction of Cu2O. The reaction kinetics was modeled as a series of two irreversible first order reactions based on XAFS results. LC-MS highlighted as d-glucose oxidized to gluconate, glycerate, glycolate and oxalate. Increasing the d-glucose concentration did not affect the kinetics but resulted in smaller CuNPs. The electrical resistivity of the CuNPs material sintered at 300 °C was 36 µΩ cm.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Granata; Aina Onoguchi; Chiharu Tokoro. Preparation of copper nanoparticles for metal-metal bonding by aqueous reduction with d-glucose and PVP. Chemical Engineering Science 2019, 209, 115210 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Granata, Aina Onoguchi, Chiharu Tokoro. Preparation of copper nanoparticles for metal-metal bonding by aqueous reduction with d-glucose and PVP. Chemical Engineering Science. 2019; 209 ():115210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Granata; Aina Onoguchi; Chiharu Tokoro. 2019. "Preparation of copper nanoparticles for metal-metal bonding by aqueous reduction with d-glucose and PVP." Chemical Engineering Science 209, no. : 115210.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2019 in Royal Society Open Science
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This work investigated the removal of selenite and selenate from water by green rust (GR) sulfate. Selenite was immobilized by simple adsorption onto GR at pH 8, and by adsorption–reduction at pH 9. Selenate was immobilized by adsorption–reduction to selenite and zero valent selenium (Se 0 ) at both pH 8 and 9. In the process, GR oxidized to a mixture of goethite (FeOOH) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). The kinetics of selenite and selenate sorption at the GR–water interface was described through a pseudo-second-order model. X-ray absorption spectroscopy data enabled to elucidate the concentration profiles of Se and Fe species in the solid phase and allowed to distinguish two removal mechanisms, namely adsorption and reduction. Selenite and selenate were reduced by GR through homogeneous solid-phase reaction upon adsorption and by heterogeneous reaction at the solid–liquid interface. The selenite reduced through heterogeneous reduction with GR was adsorbed onto GR but not reduced further. The redox reaction between GR and selenite/selenate was kinetically described through an irreversible second-order bimolecular reaction model based on XAFS concentration profiles. Although the redox reaction became faster at pH 9, simple adsorption was always the fastest removal mechanism.

ACS Style

Aina Onoguchi; Giuseppe Granata; Daisuke Haraguchi; Hiroshi Hayashi; Chiharu Tokoro. Kinetics and mechanism of selenate and selenite removal in solution by green rust-sulfate. Royal Society Open Science 2019, 6, 182147 .

AMA Style

Aina Onoguchi, Giuseppe Granata, Daisuke Haraguchi, Hiroshi Hayashi, Chiharu Tokoro. Kinetics and mechanism of selenate and selenite removal in solution by green rust-sulfate. Royal Society Open Science. 2019; 6 (4):182147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aina Onoguchi; Giuseppe Granata; Daisuke Haraguchi; Hiroshi Hayashi; Chiharu Tokoro. 2019. "Kinetics and mechanism of selenate and selenite removal in solution by green rust-sulfate." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 4: 182147.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in Hydrometallurgy
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Chalcopyrite leaching in acidic ferric sulfate media at ambient temperature exhibits slow kinetics due to the formation of passivation layers on chalcopyrite surfaces. In this study, we investigated the use of potassium iodide to assist chalcopyrite leaching and proposed mechanisms by which iodide enhanced the leaching efficiency. The effect of ferric concentration, temperature and iodide concentration on chalcopyrite leaching was studied by factorial experimental design and statistical analysis of data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The addition of 0.5 g/L of potassium iodide to the leaching media containing Fe(III) resulted in the production of I2 and led to an increase of copper extraction by 47% at 50 °C. Controlled potential experiments highlighted an optimal potential window for leaching at 700–800 mV, thus suggesting that tri-iodide might play a significant role in leaching enhancement. Mineral liberation analysis (MLA) highlighted that elemental sulfur was the surface product generated from the oxidation of chalcopyrite. The rate parameters in the presence of KI were significantly higher, especially at lower temperature, and consistent with those observed for the H2SO4-I2 leaching media. The addition of potassium iodide into the leaching media led to a decrease of activation energy from 81.4 to 33.8 kJ/mol.

ACS Style

G. Granata; A. Miura; W. Liu; F. Pagnanelli; C. Tokoro. Iodide-assisted leaching of chalcopyrite in acidic ferric sulfate media. Hydrometallurgy 2019, 186, 244 -251.

AMA Style

G. Granata, A. Miura, W. Liu, F. Pagnanelli, C. Tokoro. Iodide-assisted leaching of chalcopyrite in acidic ferric sulfate media. Hydrometallurgy. 2019; 186 ():244-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Granata; A. Miura; W. Liu; F. Pagnanelli; C. Tokoro. 2019. "Iodide-assisted leaching of chalcopyrite in acidic ferric sulfate media." Hydrometallurgy 186, no. : 244-251.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2019 in Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of acids on light rare earth elements dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore after mechanochemical reaction by grinding. In the case of sulfuric acid leaching, the maximum of light rare earth elements dissolution was obtained when the initial sulfuric acid concentration was 5.0 mol/dm3 and leaching time was 24 hours. Thus, we performed sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acid leaching experiments at the same condition. The obtained results highlighted that the best light rare earth elements dissolution among these acids achieved by hydrochloric acid leaching. On the other hand, equivalent light rare earth elements dissolution except cerium was achieved by nitric acid leaching. From x-ray absorption fine structure analysis, it was revealed that cerium oxide(IV) (CeO2) was produced after nitric acid leaching because of redox reaction between cerium and nitrate ion.

ACS Style

Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. Evaluation of Acids onto the Light Rare Earth Elements Dissolution from Weathered Residual Rare Earth Ore Activated by Mechanochemical Treatment by Grinding. Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 2019, 56, 174 -180.

AMA Style

Tatsuya Kato, Giuseppe Granata, Chiharu Tokoro. Evaluation of Acids onto the Light Rare Earth Elements Dissolution from Weathered Residual Rare Earth Ore Activated by Mechanochemical Treatment by Grinding. Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan. 2019; 56 (4):174-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. 2019. "Evaluation of Acids onto the Light Rare Earth Elements Dissolution from Weathered Residual Rare Earth Ore Activated by Mechanochemical Treatment by Grinding." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 56, no. 4: 174-180.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Minerals Engineering
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This study addressed the enhancement of cerium dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore by mechanochemical activation by planetary ball milling. The activation mechanism was elucidated using cerium LIII-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis to evaluate the effect of planetary ball milling on the crystal structure of the cerium minerals and phase composition of the ore. Leaching experiments were performed to investigate the influence of mechanochemical activation on leaching kinetics and extent of cerium dissolution. The leaching kinetics were performed using the shrinking core model in conjunction with an innovative approach based on cerium LIII-edge XAFS analysis to resolve the independent leaching curves of tri- and tetravalent cerium. Planetary ball milling induced reduction of tetra- to trivalent cerium and resulted in increased cerium dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore. Leaching results and specific surface area measurements highlighted that cerium dissolution was enhanced not only by the increase in surface area of the ore, but also by mechanochemical reaction. When the ore was grinding by planetary ball mill, the rate-determining process of leaching changed from chemical reaction to diffusion control and the leaching rate constants decreased, indicating the main mechanism of enhancement of cerium dissolution was reduction of tetravalent cerium.

ACS Style

Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Yuki Tsunazawa; Tetsuichi Takagi; Chiharu Tokoro. Mechanism and kinetics of enhancement of cerium dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore by planetary ball milling. Minerals Engineering 2019, 134, 365 -371.

AMA Style

Tatsuya Kato, Giuseppe Granata, Yuki Tsunazawa, Tetsuichi Takagi, Chiharu Tokoro. Mechanism and kinetics of enhancement of cerium dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore by planetary ball milling. Minerals Engineering. 2019; 134 ():365-371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Yuki Tsunazawa; Tetsuichi Takagi; Chiharu Tokoro. 2019. "Mechanism and kinetics of enhancement of cerium dissolution from weathered residual rare earth ore by planetary ball milling." Minerals Engineering 134, no. : 365-371.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2018 in Minerals Engineering
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This work addressed the mechanochemical activation of chalcopyrite by vertically stirred ball milling (VSBM) to enhance copper dissolution in leaching. Grinding with Zr balls and quartz sand as dispersing agent produced a significant increase of copper extraction from +10% to +40%, depending on grinding conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results highlighted that the mechanochemical activation of chalcopyrite occurred through partial oxidation and rupture of crystal lattice. The contribution of each activation mechanism to leaching enhancement was assessed by two-stage leaching. The 10% increase of copper extraction in first stage leaching by H2SO4 confirmed the increase of soluble copper due to mechanochemical oxidation. Second stage leaching by H2SO4-Fe2(SO4)3 highlighted a larger dissolution of copper from chalcopyrite and enhanced kinetics upon activation. Whether grinding by VSBM or not, the kinetics of second stage leaching was found to be controlled by ions diffusion through the solid product layer. The partial amorphization of chalcopyrite resulted into additional increase of copper extraction ranging from +6 to +11% and produced a decrease of leaching activation energy from 91.0 to 79.4 kJ/mol.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Granata; Kazumasa Takahashi; Tatsuya Kato; Chiharu Tokoro. Mechanochemical activation of chalcopyrite: Relationship between activation mechanism and leaching enhancement. Minerals Engineering 2018, 131, 280 -285.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Granata, Kazumasa Takahashi, Tatsuya Kato, Chiharu Tokoro. Mechanochemical activation of chalcopyrite: Relationship between activation mechanism and leaching enhancement. Minerals Engineering. 2018; 131 ():280-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Granata; Kazumasa Takahashi; Tatsuya Kato; Chiharu Tokoro. 2018. "Mechanochemical activation of chalcopyrite: Relationship between activation mechanism and leaching enhancement." Minerals Engineering 131, no. : 280-285.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2018 in Applied Clay Science
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The removal of hexavalent chromium from water by sustainable methods still presents challenging aspects. Green rust (GR) is a mixed Fe(II)-Fe(III) layer double hydroxide intercalated with anions and water molecules that was recently found capable of immobilizing low concentrations of chromate. Nevertheless, the influence of pH on GR preparation and chromate removal mechanism has not been fully clarified yet. This work elucidated the influence of pH on GR preparation and chromate removal by sulfate-GR. Two types of GR were prepared at two different pH, namely pH 8.75 (GR8.75) and 7.50 (GR7.50), and were used in chromate removal experiments at pH 5 and 9. XRD, XPS and XAFS analysis were carried out to assess the change of phase composition, surface oxidation state and crystal structure. Increasing the preparation pH from 7.50 to 8.75 produced a larger inclusion of SO42− and Na+ within the GR interlayer and resulted in a larger crystal lattice and more surface area. GR8.75 was 1.7 times more efficient than GR7.50 and 6.7 times more efficient than ferrihydrite as Fe required to remove 10 mg/L of chromate from water. While removing chromate, GR7.50 released a larger amount of SO42− than GR8.75 in spite of a lower initial content. At pH 5, GR8.75 reduced chromate and oxidized mostly to goethite, whereas magnetite was the main oxidation product at pH 9. In contrast, GR7.50 removed chromate and transformed into Cr-intercalated ferrihydrite. XPS results confirmed the larger passivation of GR8.75. All results indicated that GR8.75 removed chromate mainly via surface reduction whilst GR7.50 removed it mostly via replacement of SO42− in the interlayer prior to reduction. EXAFS analysis of solid residues highlighted the presence of bidentate mononuclear FeCr2O4-like CrFe bonding as well as Cr2O3-like CrO and CrOCr bonding under all investigated conditions. The increase of FeFe edge sharing and double corner sharing coordination numbers in the final solid product upon chromate removal by GR8.75 suggests a surface-based reaction between GR and chromate. In contrast, for GR7.50 upon chromate removal, the increase of single corner sharing FeFe coordination via oxygen can be resulted from lateral insertion of chromate into GR interlayer.

ACS Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Aina Onoguchi; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. Role of pH in green rust preparation and chromate removal from water. Applied Clay Science 2018, 165, 205 -213.

AMA Style

Abdullah Al Mamun, Aina Onoguchi, Giuseppe Granata, Chiharu Tokoro. Role of pH in green rust preparation and chromate removal from water. Applied Clay Science. 2018; 165 ():205-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Al Mamun; Aina Onoguchi; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. 2018. "Role of pH in green rust preparation and chromate removal from water." Applied Clay Science 165, no. : 205-213.

Conference paper
Published: 19 August 2018 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago
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In this work, we studied the recovery of copper from AMD by cementation with iron powder. To control the size of copper particles within the nanoscale range, we tested the use of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We tested three concentration levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 M) and temperatures (25, 50 and 75 °C). The activation energy of cementation was also assessed by fitting the experimental data with the Arrhenius equation. Under all investigated conditions, the cementation reaction was found to be a diffusion-controlled process. Without surfactant, the activation energy was 19.9 kJ/mol. In the presence of SDS the activation energy increased up to about 35 kJ/mol. With or without SDS, the particle size of the copper product was strongly affected by the cementation temperature. Without SDS, the cemented product aggregated into micro-sized clusters of about 15 µm at 25 °C, 2–3 µm at 50 °C and 1 µm at 75 °C. The addition of SDS resulted in a dramatic decrease of copper particle size up down to the nanoscale range. Under the best operating conditions, the particle size of copper was <100 nm.

ACS Style

G. Granata; C. Tokoro. Recovery of Copper Nanoparticles from AMD by Cementation with Iron and SDS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago 2018, 2173 -2182.

AMA Style

G. Granata, C. Tokoro. Recovery of Copper Nanoparticles from AMD by Cementation with Iron and SDS. Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago. 2018; ():2173-2182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Granata; C. Tokoro. 2018. "Recovery of Copper Nanoparticles from AMD by Cementation with Iron and SDS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago , no. : 2173-2182.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Hydrometallurgy
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Fluid flow through packed ore/rock beds is among the critical processes that control the release of valuable metals as well as substances potentially harmful to the environment. The properties of fluid flow in porous media are associated with the structure of the pores through which the fluid flows which, in turn, is influenced by grain size gradation, grain shape and packing method. In this study, we investigated the effect of three types of grain size gradation on porosity and pore size distribution using the bulk density and the computed tomography (CT) scanning methods. It was generally observed with the uniformly graded grains that the porosity decreased as the mean grain size increased until a limit was reached. The porosities of the well graded grains were lower than those of the uniformly graded grains in the coarse size range, but there was no difference in the porosities between the two types of gradation in the fine size range. Furthermore, the influence of the packing method on the well graded grains was more pronounced than on the uniformly graded grains, implying relative ease of compaction of well graded grains. The proportion of fine grains in the gap graded grains influenced the porosities, which firstly decreased and then increased. The pore size distribution of the gap graded grains showed a high degree of heterogeneity compared to those of the uniformly graded and the well graded grains. The findings indicate that in ore/rock dumps fine particles account for the bulk of the porosity and possibly the bulk of any pore water content, suggesting that fine particles are likely to contribute most of the leachable substances.

ACS Style

Shuo Zhang; Wenying Liu; Giuseppe Granata. Effects of grain size gradation on the porosity of packed heap leach beds. Hydrometallurgy 2018, 179, 238 -244.

AMA Style

Shuo Zhang, Wenying Liu, Giuseppe Granata. Effects of grain size gradation on the porosity of packed heap leach beds. Hydrometallurgy. 2018; 179 ():238-244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Zhang; Wenying Liu; Giuseppe Granata. 2018. "Effects of grain size gradation on the porosity of packed heap leach beds." Hydrometallurgy 179, no. : 238-244.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Hydrometallurgy
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ACS Style

Wenying Liu; Giuseppe Granata. Temperature control in copper heap bioleaching. Hydrometallurgy 2018, 176, 26 -32.

AMA Style

Wenying Liu, Giuseppe Granata. Temperature control in copper heap bioleaching. Hydrometallurgy. 2018; 176 ():26-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenying Liu; Giuseppe Granata. 2018. "Temperature control in copper heap bioleaching." Hydrometallurgy 176, no. : 26-32.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Advanced Powder Technology
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ACS Style

Masaya Minagawa; Shosei Hisatomi; Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. Enhancement of copper dissolution by mechanochemical activation of copper ores: Correlation between leaching experiments and DEM simulations. Advanced Powder Technology 2018, 29, 471 -478.

AMA Style

Masaya Minagawa, Shosei Hisatomi, Tatsuya Kato, Giuseppe Granata, Chiharu Tokoro. Enhancement of copper dissolution by mechanochemical activation of copper ores: Correlation between leaching experiments and DEM simulations. Advanced Powder Technology. 2018; 29 (3):471-478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masaya Minagawa; Shosei Hisatomi; Tatsuya Kato; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. 2018. "Enhancement of copper dissolution by mechanochemical activation of copper ores: Correlation between leaching experiments and DEM simulations." Advanced Powder Technology 29, no. 3: 471-478.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS
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ACS Style

Masao Morita; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. Recovery of Calcium Fluoride from Highly Contaminated Fluoric/Hexafluorosilicic Acid Wastewater. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 2018, 59, 290 -296.

AMA Style

Masao Morita, Giuseppe Granata, Chiharu Tokoro. Recovery of Calcium Fluoride from Highly Contaminated Fluoric/Hexafluorosilicic Acid Wastewater. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS. 2018; 59 (2):290-296.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masao Morita; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro. 2018. "Recovery of Calcium Fluoride from Highly Contaminated Fluoric/Hexafluorosilicic Acid Wastewater." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 59, no. 2: 290-296.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS
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Recently, the discrete element method (DEM) has been widely applied to investigate the influence of operating and design parameters on grinding performances. However, while most studies investigated the effects of such parameters on the fineness of milling products, the relationship between them and the size dispersion of milling products has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated the influence that the direction of the agitator shaft has on grinding performance in a media stirring mill. First, we proved by milling experiments that the media stirring mill with the horizontal direction of the agitator shaft can provide better grinding performances. Then, we further elucidated this experimental evidence by applying DEM simulations to a media stirring milling process in a vertical and a horizontal stirred mill. According to the simulations, in the vertical shaft configuration, the motion of the grinding media in the lower section through the vertical direction was inhibited by a too low velocity. On the other hand, the grinding media in the horizontal stirred mill moved more uniformly but with a lower collision energy. Furthermore, the grinding media in the low sections actively mixed with the grinding media in the upper sections, thereby resulting in a more uniform energy transfer and in a better grinding process. Accordingly, this study demonstrated that not only the collision energy but also the uniformity of the movement of the medium particles should be evaluated in order to investigate the grinding performance in a media stirred mill by DEM simulation.

ACS Style

Sho Fukui; Yuki Tsunazawa; Shosei Hisatomi; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro; Kyoko Okuyama; Motonori Iwamoto; Yasuyoshi Sekine. Effect of Agitator Shaft Direction on Grinding Performance in Media Stirred Mill: Investigation Using DEM Simulation. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 2018, 59, 488 -493.

AMA Style

Sho Fukui, Yuki Tsunazawa, Shosei Hisatomi, Giuseppe Granata, Chiharu Tokoro, Kyoko Okuyama, Motonori Iwamoto, Yasuyoshi Sekine. Effect of Agitator Shaft Direction on Grinding Performance in Media Stirred Mill: Investigation Using DEM Simulation. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS. 2018; 59 (3):488-493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sho Fukui; Yuki Tsunazawa; Shosei Hisatomi; Giuseppe Granata; Chiharu Tokoro; Kyoko Okuyama; Motonori Iwamoto; Yasuyoshi Sekine. 2018. "Effect of Agitator Shaft Direction on Grinding Performance in Media Stirred Mill: Investigation Using DEM Simulation." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 59, no. 3: 488-493.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Waste Management
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Different kinds of panels (Si-based panels and CdTe panels) were treated according to a common process route made up of two main steps: a physical treatment (triple crushing and thermal treatment) and a chemical treatment. After triple crushing three fractions were obtained: an intermediate fraction (0.4-1mm) of directly recoverable glass (17%); a coarse fraction (>1mm) requiring further thermal treatment in order to separate EVA-glued layers in glass fragments; a fine fraction (<0.4mm) requiring chemical treatment to dissolve metals and obtain another recoverable glass fraction. Coarse fractions (62%) were treated thermally giving another recoverable glass fraction (52%). Fine fractions can be further sieved into two sub-fractions: <0.08mm (3%) and 0.08-0.4mm (22%). Chemical characterization showed that 0.08-0.4mm fractions mainly contained Fe, Al and Zn, while precious and dangerous metals (Ag, Ti, Te, Cu and Cd) are mainly present in fractions <0.08mm. Acid leaching of 0.08-0.4mm fractions allowed to obtain a third recoverable glass fraction (22%). The process route allowed to treat by the same scheme of operation both Si based panels and Cd-Te panels with an overall recycling rate of 91%.

ACS Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Emanuela Moscardini; Giuseppe Granata; Thomas Abo Atia; Pietro Altimari; Tomas Havlik; Luigi Toro. Physical and chemical treatment of end of life panels: An integrated automatic approach viable for different photovoltaic technologies. Waste Management 2017, 59, 422 -431.

AMA Style

Francesca Pagnanelli, Emanuela Moscardini, Giuseppe Granata, Thomas Abo Atia, Pietro Altimari, Tomas Havlik, Luigi Toro. Physical and chemical treatment of end of life panels: An integrated automatic approach viable for different photovoltaic technologies. Waste Management. 2017; 59 ():422-431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Emanuela Moscardini; Giuseppe Granata; Thomas Abo Atia; Pietro Altimari; Tomas Havlik; Luigi Toro. 2017. "Physical and chemical treatment of end of life panels: An integrated automatic approach viable for different photovoltaic technologies." Waste Management 59, no. : 422-431.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2016 in Journal of Nanoparticle Research
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The synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by surfactant-assisted chemical reduction method was studied aiming to identify and quantify the role of kinetic and capping on particle size distribution. The use of a strong and a mild reducing agent (hydrazine, d-glucose) has been investigated as well as the use of three different capping agents: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Experimental tests were arranged according to factorial designs. CuNPs were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Particle size distribution was determined by image analysis and significance of investigated factors was statistically assessed by analysis of variance. Under the investigated conditions, CTAB was found capable of preventing oxidation but it had a significant positive effect on nanoparticle size (about 40 and 30 nm); SDS determined a good size control but no stabilization, whilst PVP could provide both size control (significant negative effect of about 15 and 25 nm) and stability. Average size of CuNPs can be significantly reduced of about 50 nm by replacing d-glucose with hydrazine. Graphical

ACS Style

Giuseppe Granata; Taishi Yamaoka; Francesca Pagnanelli; Akio Fuwa. Study of the synthesis of copper nanoparticles: the role of capping and kinetic towards control of particle size and stability. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 2016, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Granata, Taishi Yamaoka, Francesca Pagnanelli, Akio Fuwa. Study of the synthesis of copper nanoparticles: the role of capping and kinetic towards control of particle size and stability. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2016; 18 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Granata; Taishi Yamaoka; Francesca Pagnanelli; Akio Fuwa. 2016. "Study of the synthesis of copper nanoparticles: the role of capping and kinetic towards control of particle size and stability." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 18, no. 5: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2015 in Applied Surface Science
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ACS Style

Giuseppe Granata; Francesca Pagnanelli; Daisuke Nishio-Hamane; Takehiko Sasaki. Effect of surfactant/water ratio and reagents’ concentration on size distribution of manganese carbonate nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion mediated route. Applied Surface Science 2015, 331, 463 -471.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Granata, Francesca Pagnanelli, Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, Takehiko Sasaki. Effect of surfactant/water ratio and reagents’ concentration on size distribution of manganese carbonate nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion mediated route. Applied Surface Science. 2015; 331 ():463-471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Granata; Francesca Pagnanelli; Daisuke Nishio-Hamane; Takehiko Sasaki. 2015. "Effect of surfactant/water ratio and reagents’ concentration on size distribution of manganese carbonate nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion mediated route." Applied Surface Science 331, no. : 463-471.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Electrochimica Acta
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Cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition on copper substrate. Scanning\ud electron microscopy and image analysis were used to determine morphology and particle size\ud distribution of nanoparticle populations obtained in different operating conditions. After preliminary\ud tests, ton and toff were set at 50 and 300ms respectively to obtain distinct nanoparticles and avoid\ud dendritic structures. Experimental tests were performed according to two partially superimposed\ud factorial designs with two factors at two levels. First factorial design investigated the effect of current\ud density (I = 10 and 50mA/cm2) and discharged cobalt (Q = 2.5*10^3 and 1.0*10^2C); second factorial\ud design investigated the effect of cobalt concentration (C0 = 0.01 and 0.1M) for the same two levels of Q.\ud For optimized value of ton/toff, square and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles were obtained. Statistical\ud analysis evidenced that, for C0 = 0.1 mol/L, current density is the most influencing factor on mean size:\ud increasing I from 10 to 50mA/cm2 determined a diminution of mean size of 240 nm. For the same cobalt\ud concentration, increasing the deposition time (Q) determined an increase of mean size of 60 nm.\ud Diminishing the initial cobalt concentration from 0.1 to 0.01 mol/L determined an increase of mean size\ud from 10nm to 36 nm. For C0 = 0.01 mol/L nanoparticles grow reaching an optimal size (36 nm) and then,\ud increasing the time of deposition, optimal sized subunits tend to aggregate.\ud As for polydispersity of nanoparticles, statistical tests denoted that increasing I determined significant\ud reduction of variance, while increasing the time of deposition determined a significant increase of\ud variance

ACS Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Pietro Altimari; Marco Bellagamba; Giuseppe Granata; Emanuela Moscardini; Pier Giorgio Schiavi; Luigi Toro. Pulsed electrodeposition of cobalt nanoparticles on copper: influence of the operating parameters on size distribution and morphology. Electrochimica Acta 2015, 155, 228 -235.

AMA Style

Francesca Pagnanelli, Pietro Altimari, Marco Bellagamba, Giuseppe Granata, Emanuela Moscardini, Pier Giorgio Schiavi, Luigi Toro. Pulsed electrodeposition of cobalt nanoparticles on copper: influence of the operating parameters on size distribution and morphology. Electrochimica Acta. 2015; 155 ():228-235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Pietro Altimari; Marco Bellagamba; Giuseppe Granata; Emanuela Moscardini; Pier Giorgio Schiavi; Luigi Toro. 2015. "Pulsed electrodeposition of cobalt nanoparticles on copper: influence of the operating parameters on size distribution and morphology." Electrochimica Acta 155, no. : 228-235.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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ACS Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Emanuela Moscardini; Giuseppe Granata; Stefano Cerbelli; Lorenzo Agosta; Antonio Fieramosca; Luigi Toro. Acid reducing leaching of cathodic powder from spent lithium ion batteries: Glucose oxidative pathways and particle area evolution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2014, 20, 3201 -3207.

AMA Style

Francesca Pagnanelli, Emanuela Moscardini, Giuseppe Granata, Stefano Cerbelli, Lorenzo Agosta, Antonio Fieramosca, Luigi Toro. Acid reducing leaching of cathodic powder from spent lithium ion batteries: Glucose oxidative pathways and particle area evolution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2014; 20 (5):3201-3207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Pagnanelli; Emanuela Moscardini; Giuseppe Granata; Stefano Cerbelli; Lorenzo Agosta; Antonio Fieramosca; Luigi Toro. 2014. "Acid reducing leaching of cathodic powder from spent lithium ion batteries: Glucose oxidative pathways and particle area evolution." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 20, no. 5: 3201-3207.