This study assessed trace mineral levels (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) in paired serum samples from multiparous Holstein Friesian cows and their calves after colostrum intake, to explore potential relationships between maternal and neonatal mineral status. The acid-digested samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum levels of Co, Cu, Fe, and Se were significantly higher in cows than in calves (p < 0.001), while Zn levels were higher in calves. The levels of Cr, Mn, and Mo were similar in both groups. Overall, mineral deficiencies were more prevalent in cows, with Se being the most deficient element, followed by Zn, Cu, and Co. Calves were more deficient in Co and Mn than their mothers but were not generally deficient in Se. Serum levels of Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Se were positively correlated in cows and their calves, suggesting that maternal mineral status influences neonatal mineral levels. Overall, these results provide insights into trace mineral dynamics in cow–calf pairs. Further studies are needed to clarify the relative contribution of placental and colostral mineral transfer.