A Meteorológiai Világszervezet felmérése szerint komoly adathiány van a légkör függőleges jellemzőit leíró mérésekből, ami az aktuális állapot elégtelen meghatározása mellett kihatással van a meteorológiai előrejelzések pontosságára is. A probléma lehetséges megoldását a Meteorológiai Világszervezet a drónok profilozó célú alkalmazásában látja, aminek érdekében 2024-ben globális mérési kampányt is indít, melyre hazánkból egyedüliként a MouldTech Systems regisztrált és kezdte meg ezirányú fejlesztéseit. Cikkünkben a fejlesztés eddigi eredményeinek és az ezek elérése érdekében leküzdött akadályok felvázolása mellett a tervezett mérőrendszer teljes funkcionalitásának és az ennek elérését várhatóan kísérő kihívásoknak a bemutatását tűztük ki célul.

In order to make a general weather prediction for UAVs missions we had to prepare the significant estimation of hazardous atmospheric phenomena such as ceiling, visibility and icing etc. On the other hand the forecasting of the mentioned phenomena is based on both statistical and numerical weather predictions. In our Integrated Aviation Weather Prediction System (IAWPS) for UAVs we applied a large aviation climate data base with analog forecasting method to predict the visibility and ceiling and a WRF-based numerical calculations to the same and other parameters for UAV missions. We had to test our weather prediction results in a 3D space so we developed a complex meteorological sensor system for an UAV airplane with the temperature, humidity and pressure values, too.

Characteristic phenomena in the Pannonian basin during the winter half year are the mist (500-1000 hours/year), the fog (150-300 hours/year) and the cold air pool with high air pollution concentrations. Formation, development and dissipation of fog events are complex processes that are impacted by short- and longwave radiation, condensation and evaporation, turbulent exchange, furthermore fog chemistry. The research presented here aims at exploring the interaction of these processes using field observations. To this end, complex field campaigns were conducted in Budapest (WMO code: 12843) and in the Sió Valley, 6 km away from Siófok (12935) during 1 to 3-month periods in the last three winter half years.Besides air chemistry and standard meteorological variables, the leaf wetness, surface and soil temperature, soil moisture, soil heat flux (Huskeflux), radiation budget components (CNR1) and turbulent fluxes based on eddy covariance (CSAT3, EC150) and gradient methods were measured above the grassland. Time resolutions of measurements for slow sensors were 10 sec or rather 1 minute and for eddy covariance system 10 Hz. The mist and fog periods were detected using a cloud camera (in Sió Valley) and by synoptic observations in Budapest and Siófok.Additional measurements in Budapest were i) the wind speed (U), air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) profiles together with Gill sonic anemometer at the top of a 30 m high tower, ii) LUFT CHM 15k ceilometer. SODAR and aviation meteorological measurements were also available from the Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (LHBP) at 8 km distance. Other field experiments were done in the wet leeward Sió Valley in 2018-19 and 2019-20. Vaisala WXT530 sensor, LUFT CHM 15k ceilometer, tethered balloon measurements with GRAW radiosondes and METEK SODAR measurements were also provided as additional information behind the energy budget measurements.Our results confirmed that according to the expectations, we have recorded more foggy situations in the Sió Valley than in Budapest (12843) and Siófok (12935). Radiation and advection type fog events were formed in most cases. The measured RH was above 95 and gradually increased during the onset period of fog. RH was around 100%, fluctuations could be measured less accurately.  Dissipation of the fog is usually characterized by wind intensification and rise in the incoming solar radiation. The data of two field campaigns will be analyzed i) a cold pool situation in Sió Valley in January 2020 and ii) the foggy season 2020-21 in Budapest. The developed complex (micrometeorological, furthermore air and liquid chemistry) database gives opportunity to validate numerical model results (WRF, CHIMERE and detailed box model) and to improve parameterizations of the numerical models.

Az UAS-ek polgári és egyéb légterekbe való integrálása már elkezdődött. Beillesztésük a légi forgalomban és a műveleti környezetben beazonosítható kockázatok csökkentésével történik. A repülőterek környezetében általában veszélyforrásként tekintenek rájuk, azonban az egyre szélesebb körű alkalmazási lehetőségeik miatt, számos feladatra költséghatékonyabb és olcsóbb megoldást jelenthetnek. Az, hogy milyen feltételek mentén integrálhatók a repülőtéri forgalomba, számos tényezőtől függ. Kutatási tervünkben olyan döntéstámogató megoldások fejlesztésén dolgozunk, amelyek VR2- AR3-eszközökkel, kockázatértékelő és -csökkentő megoldásokkal, illetve speciális ATC-eljárások4 alkalmazásával modellezik a munkadrónok és hagyományos légi járművek közös légtérben és repülőtereken való alkalmazását. Mintarepülőterünk az állami repülések célját szolgáló modellt használja kiindulási alapul.

This study presents an operational approach to atmospheric wind profiling using a purpose-built meteorological uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and an orientation-based wind estimation method that does not rely on dedicated onboard anemometers. The quadrotor platform, designed and developed by our team, has a maximum take-off mass of 2.45 kg and is capable of acquiring vertical atmospheric profiles up to 3000 m under a wide range of weather conditions. Within the framework of the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) global demonstration campaign for evaluating the use of uncrewed aircraft systems in operational meteorology and associated field activities, twelve vertical wind profiles were collected in parallel with radiosonde observations. UAV-based wind estimates were evaluated against radiosonde data using the WMO OSCAR (Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review) performance framework. Across most wind speed regimes, the central 50% of UAV–radiosonde wind speed differences remain within OSCAR threshold requirements, indicating operationally relevant accuracy. Systematic deviations are physically interpretable and arise primarily in strongly sheared boundary-layer flows. A representative low-level jet case is used as a stress test, demonstrating that the UAV system remains safe and that wind estimates remain reliable even under extreme wind conditions, supporting robust performance in less demanding regimes. These results establish UAV-based wind profiling as a viable and complementary observing technique in the lower atmosphere and provide a practical pathway toward high-resolution, operational boundary-layer wind measurements.