This review investigates biomaterial-based strategies for improved treatment of MPXV. We focus on emerging synthetic biomedical approaches to combating the virus. These include peptide nucleic acids, CRISPR-based systems, and small-molecule therapeutics. These methods work by targeting and blocking viral proteins and enzymes. Such synthetic platforms may help reduce viral transmission and minimize side effects. They also offer potential solutions to challenges such as viral resistance in humans. In addition, biomaterials contribute to the development of more stable and effective vaccines. Combining these biomaterials with mRNA technology provides a promising framework for future vaccine development. Overall, this review underscores biomaterial-driven antiviral systems as a major frontier in translational medicine with profound implications for global health and pandemic awareness.

Cellular membranes are dynamic molecular landscapes in which lipid composition, transbilayer asymmetry, membrane curvature, thickness and mechanics collectively shape protein organization and function, while proteins can in turn remodel lipid organization and membrane architecture. Yet lipid-protein interactions are often treated as discrete binding events, obscuring the extent to which the physical organization of the membrane itself constitutes an active determinant of protein conformational states and cellular activity. Here, we investigate lipid-protein reciprocal coupling by integrating quantitative analyses of curvature-dependent protein-membrane association and hydrophobic-run organization with established structural, lipidomic and biochemical evidence. Our analysis reveals substantial variation in protein association with curved versus flat membrane environments and highlights how membrane curvature, together with lipid composition, cholesterol and asymmetry, can regulate protein structure and function, including in disease-associated systems. We further examine emerging lipid sensors, spatial proteomics and advanced biomimetic membrane platforms that are beginning to bridge molecular mechanisms with protein-lipid organization in cells. In particular, suspended membranes, pore-spanning systems and nanopillar architectures offer opportunities to independently control lipid composition, leaflet asymmetry, curvature and mechanics while directly interrogating protein behaviour. Together, these findings support a model in which membrane architecture encodes physical information that is read by proteins and reciprocally reshaped by protein activity to regulate cellular function.