Background: Coronaviruses are a category of associated viruses that trigger diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV NL63) in 2004, human coronavirus HKU1 (HKU1) in 2005, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019. Objective: This study used a qualitative and quantitative approach to measure Covid-19 pandamic’s impact on psychological well-being. At the moment, the world is fearing from this widespread pandemic, its outbreak and has no idea how it is leaving psychological effects on human well-being. Method: This study designed questionnaires to judge the psychological health of healthcare professionals those are directly treating quarantined patients within the hospital. We asked questions from 250-healthcare professionals (including doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff) who are treating quarantined patients at different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Results: This study concludes that corona-phobia persist in healthcare professionals and cause various psychological symptoms on their mental health. Conclusion & Policy Implication: This study suggests the government need to provide medical facilities/equipment with those healthcare professionals who are frontline soldiers in treating quarantine patients.

Global climate change’s pervasive impacts extend beyond the environment, significantly affecting mental health across diverse regions. This study offers a comprehensive multi-regional analysis spanning Asia, Africa, Oceania, Europe, and the Americas, addressing three critical gaps in existing research: (i) the necessity of a global scope given climate change’s widespread impact, (ii) the under-researched mental health dimension compared to general health effects, and (iii) the integration of climate and mental health data. Using data from 1970 to 2020, we found a strong correlation between climate change and rising mental disorders globally. Regional patterns emerged, with Asia, Africa, and Oceania showing broader associations with various mental health issues, while Europe and the Americas saw increases in anxiety and depression. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness between climate change, mental health, and sustainability. By addressing the mental health impacts of climate change, we can identify sustainable solutions that promote both environmental well-being and human well-being. Our findings highlight the urgent need for global action to mitigate climate change’s mental health effects and provide insights for tailored interventions and public health strategies. Additionally, socio-economic factors like unemployment, urbanisation, GDP growth, and globalisation are incorporated to explore the intricate interplay between climate change, mental health, and societal contexts, offering a clearer understanding of the mechanisms at play.

International tourism enhances understanding and interaction between nations and people, or can generate conflicts due to cultural misunderstandings. In this globalized world, diversity on one side plays a vital and essential role in international tourism and economic development but on the other side ethnic, cultural, and religious polarization resulting in conflicts, difficulties that may frighten away tourists and lead to vulnerability of the tourism sector in very heterogeneous countries. This study investigates whether existing ethnic and religious diversity affects the international tourism and economic development. By using the dataset of 187 countries and panel data technique, this study indicates that diversity, either ethnic or religious or both, has a significant negative impact on international tourism and economic development. This study suggests that ethnic and religious diversity is an inherent part of most societies in a globalized world so in order to minimize its negative consequences there is emergent need to provide equal opportunity to all groups and to encourage cohesive culture. A cohesive and peaceful society can enhance tourism.

We explore the effect of unemployment on mental health, using data from Finnish municipalities for the period 2002–2019. We measure mental illness using a mental morbidity index, as well as mental health care utilization and the use of antidepressants. There are significant differences across municipalities in Finland in both prevalence of mental health issues and illnesses, along with unemployment. Establishing a causal link between these two variables is challenging because of their reverse causality and joint determination. Using instrumental variable estimation, we establish a causal effect from unemployment to mental health. We present a strong connection between unemployment and mental health, especially for males between 25 and 64 years of age. Similar connection is not found among younger or older males, nor among females. Our findings are robust, since the results hold for various mental health measures. Our results reflect the possibility of differing mental health effects across the sources of unemployment.