Using dynamic infrared thermography to optimize color Doppler ultrasound mapping of cutaneous perforators

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an objective diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cerebral functionality, both in human and veterinary medicine. For EEG acquisition, different types of electrodes are used, as long as they have no impact on the recorded background activity. However, to date, the influence of electrode type on quantitative EEG and cerebral coherence has not been investigated. Twenty EEG traces (ten with needle electrodes and ten with disk electrodes) were recorded from ten mesocephalic vigil dogs in a monopolar montage. Values for interhemispheric coherence for each frequency band were compared between stainless needle and silver disk electrodes traces. Our results show that the values of interhemispheric coherence in vigil dogs are depending of the type of electrodes used in EEG recordings. In the frontal (FP) channel, for delta and theta frequency bands, the registered coherence is significantly higher when stainless needle electrodes are used. Our results might have important consequences in the field of canine neurology and applied neuroscience, as the frontal channel analysis is preferred in aging and behavior studies.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission affecting the neuromuscular junction. The majority of cases involve an autoimmune attack against AChR, but a limited number of patients are seronegative for AChR antibodies. Viral infection is incriminated as a trigger for MG occurrence, and in a limited number of reports, infection with SARS-CoV-2 was found to be associated with MG expression in humans. In this report, we describe case of seronegative generalized MG in a 2-year-old crossbred female dog associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close exposure to an infected owner.

Coenurosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, is a parasitic disease that poses a significant threat to sheep populations worldwide, leading to severe neurological impairment and substantial economic losses. The formation of cysts within the central nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, necessitates early and accurate diagnosis for effective management and control. This study evaluates the use of CT as a diagnostic tool in cases of coenurosis in sheep. CT imaging consistently revealed hypoattenuated cystic structures of varying shapes and sizes, easily distinguishable from healthy brain tissue. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements confirmed that the cystic content was primarily fluid, occasionally containing air, while elevated HU values along the cystic membrane suggested the presence of protoscolices, enhancing diagnostic confidence. Additionally, CT allowed for the evaluation of bone involvement, crucial for determining the extent of structural damage and informing prognosis and surgical planning. The observed improvement in clinical symptoms following surgical drainage of cystic fluid highlights a potential therapeutic approach to managing coenurosis, although further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of complete cyst excision. The study involved 4 cases with observed cyst volumes ranging from 0.65 cm³ to 3.42 cm³, with corresponding Hounsfield Unit values from -65 to 88. Post-operative improvement was confirmed through imaging. This study underscores the diagnostic value of CT in coenurosis and suggests that future advancements may lead to viable treatment options for affected animals.

This case study investigates a one-week-old calf presenting with a congenital process on the left pelvic limb near the tarsal joint, identified through comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathological evaluations. Clinical examination revealed lameness, localized pain, elevated temperature, and ulcerative lesions, with the process appearing detached from surrounding skeletal structures. Computed tomography (CT) imaging, utilizing Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements, provided critical insights into tissue composition, identifying fluid-filled necrotic regions (-72 to -4 HU), low-density soft tissues (0 to 41 HU), fibrous and inflamed tissues (45 to 94 HU), and calcified structures (104 to 292 HU). Histopathological analysis confirmed a neurofibroma-like lesion characterized by necrotic, inflammatory, and spindle cell components, with areas of increased cellular density suggesting potential malignant progression. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced diagnostic techniques, including clinical assessments, CT imaging, and histopathology, to accurately characterize congenital limb abnormalities in cattle.