Canine degenerative myelopathy (CDM) is a spontaneous neurodegenerative disease. Genetically, CDM is an autosomal recessive disease with incomplete penetrance, most commonly caused by a genetic mutation in exon 2 of gene SOD1 (c.118G > A). This study aimed to determine the mutant allele frequency associated with CDM in various dog breeds from Romania. Dogs (n = 230) from 26 breeds were included in the study. Genotyping using the PCR-RFLP technique was performed on DNA extracted from oral swabs. The results revealed that 204 dogs were homozygous for the wild-type allele (G/G), 16 were heterozygous (A/G), and 10 were homozygous for the mutant allele (A/A). The mutant allele was identified in Wire Fox Terrier, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Belgian Shepherd, and Czechoslovakian Wolfdog breeds. The mutant allele frequency (A) within the tested population was 0.0783. The results for Belgian Shepherd, German Shepherd, and Romanian Mioritic Shepherd were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, but a departure was observed for Rottweiler. The current study included a first screening of the Romanian Bucovina Shepherd, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd, and Caucasian Shepherd breeds. Genetic testing for the mutation associated with CDM is important in order to avoid the risk of the emergence of dogs homozygous for the SOD1:c118G > A allele.

A 2‐year‐old female American Akita was referred for CT of the pelvis and hindlimbs due to a left hindlimb lameness after a left total hip replacement. Referral radiographs and CT images demonstrated amorphous soft‐tissue and mineral opacities surrounding the proximal femur and the prosthetic stem, consistent with the “cloud sign” reported as a characteristic of metallosis in humans. Dorsomedial displacement of the prosthetic head, multiple foci of geographic osteolysis alongside the “cloud sign”, presumed pseudotumor lesions, and medial iliac lymphadenopathy were also identified with CT. Metallosis was confirmed based on ultrasound‐guided cytology, revision surgery, and histopathology.

Coenurosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, is a parasitic disease that poses a significant threat to sheep populations worldwide, leading to severe neurological impairment and substantial economic losses. The formation of cysts within the central nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, necessitates early and accurate diagnosis for effective management and control. This study evaluates the use of CT as a diagnostic tool in cases of coenurosis in sheep. CT imaging consistently revealed hypoattenuated cystic structures of varying shapes and sizes, easily distinguishable from healthy brain tissue. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements confirmed that the cystic content was primarily fluid, occasionally containing air, while elevated HU values along the cystic membrane suggested the presence of protoscolices, enhancing diagnostic confidence. Additionally, CT allowed for the evaluation of bone involvement, crucial for determining the extent of structural damage and informing prognosis and surgical planning. The observed improvement in clinical symptoms following surgical drainage of cystic fluid highlights a potential therapeutic approach to managing coenurosis, although further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of complete cyst excision. The study involved 4 cases with observed cyst volumes ranging from 0.65 cm³ to 3.42 cm³, with corresponding Hounsfield Unit values from -65 to 88. Post-operative improvement was confirmed through imaging. This study underscores the diagnostic value of CT in coenurosis and suggests that future advancements may lead to viable treatment options for affected animals.

This case study investigates a one-week-old calf presenting with a congenital process on the left pelvic limb near the tarsal joint, identified through comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathological evaluations. Clinical examination revealed lameness, localized pain, elevated temperature, and ulcerative lesions, with the process appearing detached from surrounding skeletal structures. Computed tomography (CT) imaging, utilizing Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements, provided critical insights into tissue composition, identifying fluid-filled necrotic regions (-72 to -4 HU), low-density soft tissues (0 to 41 HU), fibrous and inflamed tissues (45 to 94 HU), and calcified structures (104 to 292 HU). Histopathological analysis confirmed a neurofibroma-like lesion characterized by necrotic, inflammatory, and spindle cell components, with areas of increased cellular density suggesting potential malignant progression. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced diagnostic techniques, including clinical assessments, CT imaging, and histopathology, to accurately characterize congenital limb abnormalities in cattle.

The objective of this study was to determine whether Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements in the subcalvarial region can be used as an imaging indicator of cerebral atrophy in dogs. Computed tomography scans from 20 dogs aged 2–13 years were analysed, with HU values obtained at the cranial bone, immediately beneath the calvaria, and at 1 cm depth in the cerebral parenchyma. The results demonstrated significantly lower subcalvarial HU values in dogs aged ≥8 years compared to younger subjects, consistent with an age-related reduction in cerebral density and potential atrophic changes affecting brain structure. Outlier values were identified that deviated substantially from expected ranges, suggesting possible imaging artefacts, individual anatomical variation, or measurement inconsistencies, and emphasising the importance of methodological precision in HU assessment. These findings indicate that HU may have potential as a marker of cerebral atrophy in ageing dogs, contributing to the broader understanding of canine cognitive dysfunction. Validation requires larger and more diverse populations, longitudinal monitoring, and rigorous standardisation to confirm its diagnostic relevance, reproducibility, and eventual clinical applicability.