Sustainable rural development and higher income levels of a rural community can be achieved through indigenously owned resource-based corporations. The study aims to evolve the new economic model for the sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas by considering the entrepreneurial initiatives in emerging economies. It is an attempt to restore the pride of artificers and workmanship such as ‘mochi’ (cobbler), the lohar (ironsmith) the kumhar (potter) through interventions to rehabilitate their active role in creating a flexible, vibrant and responsive society. Therefore, it suggests a complete process to carry out the intervention in village communities of rural areas for their sustainable development. The entire model can be tested by collecting data from respondents; however, for this manuscript, the authors propose a solid framework with rationale. This study also proposes a model for the relevant literature named the ‘common prosperity model’. Furthermore, it has a variety of research dimensions that can be traced by the researchers, policymakers, interventionists, economists and sustainable rural development institutions.

Aim of the Study: This paper aims to test the relationship among brand image and consumer buying behavior. The gap incorporated in this study is the mediating role of psychological and moderating role of personal factors in the relationship of brand image and consumer buying behavior which is studied very rare in previous research. Methodology: Keeping in view the perception and observation of Urban Females of Pakistan that they are more conscious in purchase of designer’s brands and even designers also target female segment in their promotional campaigns. Therefore, data from (200) respondents was gathered through a five-point Likert Scale questionnaire from Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. Moderation and Mediation tests were carried out along with Correlation and Reliability Analysis. Results: The findings illustrate a noteworthy impact of brand image on consumer buying behaviour. Moreover, a significant moderation and mediating impact of the personal and psychological factors was also observed. This study employs Horward and Sheth’s Theory of Buyer Behaviour for assessing the influence of brand image on consumer buying behavior. Conclusion: The study findings could also help marketing managers and fashion designers in designing policies regarding brand image as it can contribute in boosting a positive brand image in prospective buyer’s mind. Finally, the paper also highlights the study limitations and avenues for future research.

Purpose: As per agency theory prospective, board gender diversity enhances the corporate leadership structure which mitigates agency conflicts among stakeholders. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of female directors on board, and female CEOs on firm performance. We also uses board size, and board independence as board level control, while leverage, firm size, capital expenditure & tangibility as firm level control. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses a panel data starting from 2005 to 2020 on annual basis. To resolve endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity problems in panel data analysis, study uses static (fixed effect, & random effect) and dynamic (GMM) estimation techniques in Pakistan. Findings: Result shows the positive impact of female directors on board and female CEOs on firm performance. These findings are robust under alternative measures of firm performance. Implications/Originality/Value: The study suggests that female representation and female CEOs are the important attributes to enhance firm performance. Additionally, females are performing a significant role through monitor and control for excellent corporate leadership structure. Furthermore, this is the first study of its kind which analyzes this relationship in the emerging equity market of Pakistan.

Key results of this research are that the study proposed seven hypothesis against all seven macroeconomic variables (Real Growth, Price Inflation, Government Consumption, Private Consumption, Investment, Export and Import) of Exchange Rate and results indicated there are a positive relationship and strong association of short-term and long-term between Exchange Rate and its Macroeconomic variables providing satisfactory results as all research objectives were met and research questions were answered. A research philosophy was derived from the results that Exchange Rate Variability will continuously and indefinitely will occur and Price Inflation of a Nation will determine its fluctuations.