Architectural construction is responsible for the consumption of large amounts of resources, so the optimization of architectural design and evaluation is significant for sustainable global development. Most architectural assessments focus on energy conservation, novel materials and eco-friendly strategies, but without agreed indicators and criteria. Since the consideration of natural aspects is somewhat fuzzy and vague, this study utilized data mining technology to explore the major factors related to relationships between buildings and nature. By employing the popular technique of web crawling, this study collected 38,320 architectural descriptions from the “Archdaily”, including descriptions of 11 types of buildings, four of which were taken as typical research representatives. The 100 most frequent words were used to create a word cloud. Using Python script, all of the text was refined and processed with the word2vec model, thereby allowing to conduct Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The frequency of words related to natural aspects were analyzed within 15 architectural design elements. Different building types in different areas have obvious similarities in terms of design elements, so it is feasible to adopt the same evaluation factors for the building evaluation systems of different regions. This paper mainly focuses on improving the accuracy and validity of assessment by providing basic evaluation indicators that could enhance connections between design and evaluation progress, stimulating the improvement of building environmental performance.

Amidst the surge of high-density urban development and the growing demand for high-quality spaces, the Usable Area Coefficient (UAC) has emerged as a pivotal metric in the architectural planning. The rational calibration of the UAC for primary school buildings is key to balancing intensive land use, educational demands, and the well-being of children. Taking primary schools in a district of Qingdao as the research subject, this research rationally optimizes the range of UAC by constructing an evolutionary game model, based on quantitatively analyzing the divergent perspectives and requirements of three stakeholders: the government, school administrators, and students. After further identifying the key factors that influence the ultimate decision, the study yields the following insights: (1) The incremental comprehensive benefit emerges as the linchpin influencing the UAC. (2) The government’s risk compensation to schools and the benefit-sharing coefficient between schools and students exert significant impacts on system evolution. (3) Effective control of construction and land costs, coupled with enhanced availability of open activity spaces, paves the way for consensus on low UAC. This research not only furnishes a theoretical framework and practical guidance for harmonizing land use efficiency with educational excellence but also steers the design of salubrious primary school environments and informs pertinent policy-making.

Urban greenways in dense cities face land constraints and changing ecological and social demands. This study develops a process-oriented framework from social–ecological systems (SES) theory and examines it through an explanatory documentary case study of Fukuoka, Japan. Planning and project records and published studies dated 1974–2025 were assessed through theory-guided pattern matching across river corridors, the urban core, and coastal areas. The framework links adaptability, social–ecological coupling, and governance feedback to three proposed mechanisms: spatial resource reorganization, context-dependent value realization, and feedback-enabled adaptation. River-edge reuse, vertical greenery, and phased coastal opening document distinct forms of spatial renewal. Published ACROS studies provide bounded thermal evidence and a later fungal-community observation; comparable service outcomes across the three settings remain unavailable. Public and expert comments can be traced into planning text and indicator design. A supplementary park-design episode also links residents’ requests to a revised scheme for a playground opened in 2025, although individual as-built changes and subsequent benefits are unverified. The case qualifies the framework by distinguishing project change from network completion, service potential from observed outcomes, and design uptake from a completed adaptive cycle.

Coastal promenades support outdoor physical activity, yet how spatial morphology relates to thermal–response patterns during winter exercise remains unclear. This study examined physiological, cognitive, and psychological responses during standardized brisk walking at three coastal promenade locations in Qingdao, China. Sixteen healthy young adults completed the same protocol at all locations. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, spatial characteristics, and multidimensional human responses were analyzed using linear mixed models. Linear mixed models identified an enclosure ratio × air temperature interaction for mind–body connection: the temperature–mind–body connection relationship was more negative in the semi-enclosed condition than in the open conditions, indicating greater temperature sensitivity in the semi-enclosed setting. Other spatial–thermal and thermal/individual associations across physiological, cognitive, affective, exercise-related, and thermal-perceptual outcomes were exploratory or response-specific. Together, these findings characterize winter coastal walking as a multidimensional human–environment experience. They also motivate future design tests that combine spatial diversity with opportunities for users to choose between exposure and localized protection.