Coseismic surface deformation imaged through interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements was used to estimate the fault geometry and slip distribution of the 2017 Mw 6.5 Ormoc earthquake along a creeping segment of the Philippine Fault on Leyte Island. Our best fitting faulting model suggests that the coseismic rupture occurred on a fault plane with high dip angle of 78.5° and strike angle of 325.8°, and the estimated maximum fault slip of 2.3 m is located at 6.5 km east‐northeast of the town of Kananga. The recognized insignificant slip in the Tongonan geothermal field zone implies that the plastic behavior caused by high geothermal gradient underneath the Tongonan geothermal field could prevent the coseismic failure in heated rock mass in this zone. The predicted Coulomb failure stress change shows that a significant positive Coulomb failure stress change occurred along the SE segment of central Philippine Fault with insignificant coseismic slip and infrequent aftershocks, which suggests an increasing risk for future seismic hazard.

We investigate the geodetic data set of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) including Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)‐2 and Sentinel‐1A/1B satellites for inferring the fault model of the 2017 $Mw$ 7.3 Sarpol Zahab, Iran, earthquake. The InSAR deformation fields show that the seismogenic fault does not reach the ground surface, but some shallow folds have been triggered by the mainshock. Our preferred faulting model suggests that the coseismic rupture occurs on a single planar fault surface with a strike angle of 337.5°. Two significant slip sources are determined by the geodetic data: one is located within the 11.8‐ to 13.5‐km depth range with a peak slip of 4.9 m, and the other occurs at the shallower depth (10.5–12.5 km) with a peak slip of 4.5 m. Both of them are responsible for the primary deformation signals in the geodetic imagery. The significant fault slip concentrates at the 10‐ to 14‐km depth within the Pan‐African basement. However, most of the aftershocks have depths between 3 and 12 km in the shallow sedimentary section. We hypothesize that the Hormuz Salt section with a depth of 12–13 km detaches the high‐slip zones from the aftershock cluster, by which the fault slip is not transferred through the intervening salt section to the surface. The predicted static Coulomb stress change by our preferred faulting model at a depth of 10 km could encourage the occurrence of aftershocks. Moreover, the triggered fault‐related folding in the southwest of the seismic zone has a positive Coulomb stress change and aseismic slip caused by the mainshock.

The ascending and descending InSAR deformations derived from ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 satellite SAR images and GPS displacements are used to estimate the fault model of the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake. The sinistral strike-slip fault dipping to the west with a high dip angle of 89.4° and a rake angle of 201.7° is considered as the seismogenic fault of this event. This seismogenic fault also triggered the ruptures of the Milun fault, which dips to the east with a dip angle of ~72°, and an unknown west-dipping fault with a dip angle of 85.2°. Two predicted faulting models indicate that the InSAR deformation fields include more postseismic slip than those of the GPS data. The north segment of the Milun fault and west-dipping fault have been triggered by the rupture of the seismogenic fault, but the postseismic slip occurred only in the south segment of the Milun fault. The InSAR-derived co-seismic and postseismic faulting model suggests that the significant slip concentrates at depths of 2.4–15.0 km of the main fault, 0.0–14.0 km of the Milun fault. Only minor slip is detected on the west-dipping fault. The maximum fault slip of ca. 2.1 m is located at the depth of ca. 2.4 km under the Meilun Tableland. The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change calculated by the co-seismic and postseismic faulting model shows that there is a significant CFS increase in the east of the south segment of the Milun fault, but few of the aftershocks occur in this area, which indicates a high risk of future seismic hazard.

The 2016 $Mw$ 6.0 Hutubi earthquake occurred in the northern Tien Shan fold‐and‐thrust belts, China. However, the coseismic fault rupture model and the seismotectonics of the 2016 Hutubi earthquake remain uncertain up to the present due to the small magnitude, deep hypocenter, and no surface rupture caused by the seismogenic fault. Here, we show the evidence that the 2016 Hutubi earthquake occurred on a deep (15–20 km) blind‐thrust fault, and the rupture of the blind fault triggers the slip of a shallow overlying fold. Ascending and descending Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations captured by Sentinel‐1A/1B satellites are used to construct the seismogenic structure of the 2016 Hutubi earthquake. It is found that a single fault fails to provide a good fit to the observed Sentinel‐1 ascending and descending InSAR deformation. A shallow fault‐bend fold with strike along the surface trace of the Qigu anticline and a varying dip angle along the down‐dip direction is proposed in this study based on the geodetic observations, which significantly improves the model fit to the InSAR observations. The estimated faulting model shows that the 2016 Hutubi earthquake occurred on a deep blind fault with 264.4° strike and 28.8° dip, and significant fault slip is located at the depth of 13–18 km with a peak slip of $∼10.0cm$⁠. The triggered shallow fault‐bend fold has a listric surface with slight predominant thrust slip. The static Coulomb stress change from the mainshock on the shallow fold structure is negative, which indicates the dynamic stress may play a more important role than the static stress in the triggering of the shallow fault‐bend fold in this case. The result of this study suggests that a moderate earthquake with a deep hypocenter has the potential to trigger the rupture of the shallow overlying fault‐bend fold in this zone.

Multi-source datasets, including the UAV-Lidar/Photogrammetry, InSAR, and field investigation data, have been used for revealing the complex surface displacement pattern and focal mechanism of the 2021 Maduo Mw 7.3 earthquake. First, a co-seismic surface deformation field was extracted from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images captured by ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 satellites. Second, the SAR pixel offset tracking results were adopted to detect the initial location of the seismogenic fault. Then, the Lidar digital elevation model with high spatial resolution and field investigation were employed to refine and verify the location of the seismogenic fault. It was found that bifurcated strike-slip rupture should account for the 2021 Maduo earthquake. As indicated by the estimated faulting model based on the InSAR data, the maximal fault slip was ~6.2 m, occurring in the southeast of the main seismogenic fault, and five remarkable slip concentrations controlled the surface displacement of the 2021 Maduo earthquake. Furthermore, the co- and post-seismic InSAR deformation, dilatation, shear strain, Coulomb failure stress, and aftershock sequence suggest that the co-seismic rupture of the two main seismogenic faults have triggered the aseismic slip along the Changmahe fault. Lastly, according to the Coulomb failure stress change due to the historical earthquakes and the 2021 Maduo earthquake, the 1937 M 7.8 earthquake predominantly controlled the Coulomb failure stress change along the Kunlun fault, and the Xidatan-Alake Lake and Maqin segments had a higher risk of future earthquake than the other segments.