Background: With advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, survival after childhood and young-adult cancers has improved markedly. As survivorship extends, understanding long-term health sequelae, including obstetric outcomes, has become increasingly important. However, the reproductive safety of pregnancy following cancer remains insufficiently characterized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of obstetric outcomes following pregnancy in survivors of childhood and young-adult cancers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024573707) of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify controlled studies assessing obstetric complications among female cancer survivors, published between 1 January 2000 and 31 June 2024. Random effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were performed to identify sources of variation. Results: Of 6032 records screened, 16 studies involving 89,123 survivors and 21,569,191 controls were included. Cancer survivorship was associated with higher risks of preeclampsia (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.62), gestational diabetes (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.59), and miscarriage (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35), but not with anemia in pregnancy (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98–1.39) or hypertensive disorders (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99–1.49). Cancer type emerged as a potential prognostic factor for preeclampsia. Conclusions: Female cancer survivors are at significantly increased risk of major obstetric complications, underscoring the need for anticipatory preconception counselling and enhanced antenatal surveillance. Future research should delineate cancer- and treatment-specific risks to inform precision reproductive care in this growing survivorship population.

Background and Objectives: Chest wall recurrence can occur infrequently after mastectomy in breast cancer patients. While wide excision of chest wall recurrence is indicated in operable patients without metastasis elsewhere, management of the axilla remains controversial. We reviewed the literature to determine the role of axillary staging in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of isolated chest wall recurrence. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search was performed for relevant articles dated between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2024. Only English articles comprising female patients with invasive chest wall recurrence after mastectomy were included. Patients with concomitant metastasis elsewhere, no operation for recurrence and no oncological outcomes were excluded. The outcomes were compared between patients with or without axillary staging during recurrence. Results: A total of 15 studies with 485 eligible patients were analyzed. Of these patients, 242 (49.9%), 182 (37.5%), 53 (10.9%), and 8 (1.6%) patients had sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), no axillary surgery, failed SLNB, and upfront axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), respectively, for restaging. Among operated patients with reported axillary status, 33/231 (14.3%) had metastatic nodes on axillary staging. On follow-up of 38.2 months (range: 10–61.2), 101/485 (20.8%) patients developed a second recurrence, of which 16/447 (3.6%) developed ipsilateral axillary recurrence. Ipsilateral axillary recurrence among patients with and without axillary surgery was 12/182 (6.6%) and 4/265 (1.5%), respectively. Conclusions: Ipsilateral axillary recurrence was low in patients with or without axillary restaging on medium-term follow-up. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to determine the best management for the axilla.