Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and has been implicated in endotoxin-induced tissue injury. Chicken feather meal is a rich source of amino acids that may serve as a peptide hydrolysate to inhibit NO activity. Anti-inflammatory hydrolysates of chicken feather meal were prepared and fractionated into five samples based on molecular mass. The smallest fraction (<0.65 kDa) exhibited the highest NO inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity towards macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Further subfractions were sufficient to obtain amino acid sequences by Q-TOF LC-MS/MS ESI analysis. Of these, the SNPSVAGVR (885.97 Da) peptide and its corresponding pure synthetic peptide have inhibitory activity against NO production by RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=(55.2±0.2) mM) without cytotoxicity. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR results revealed that the peptide of the obtained fraction reduced transcript expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2 and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that the peptides derived from the chicken feather meal protein could potentially be used as a promising ingredient in functional foods or nutraceuticals against inflammatory diseases.

Thailand is globally recognized for its tourism potential and rich diversity of cultural and natural heritage. Community-based tourism (CBT), in particular, holds significant promise for inclusive and sustainable development. However, CBT initiatives across the country remain fragile in the face of uncertainty, whether from pandemics, climate events, or market shifts, and are often constrained by fragmented practices and the absence of a shared service development framework that addresses sustainability tensions. This study addresses that gap by developing and validating a sustainability-oriented new service development (NSD) process comprising five phases and sixteen steps, tailored specifically for CBT under uncertainty. Through expert interviews and iterative action research in two contrasting Thai communities, the process was refined to include tools for place identity, customer analysis, service testing, and adaptive planning. The framework enables CBT communities to move from ad hoc efforts to structured, resilient, and market-aligned service practices. Expert validation confirmed its effectiveness and adaptability, while also recommending digital transformation and financial integration as future directions. This process offers a pathway for improving CBT outcomes in Thailand, and a potentially adaptable framework for CBT development across diverse contexts in uncertain tourism environments.