In recent years, China sees an increasing number of mine closures year by year with the continued exploitation of resources in many regions in China, and it is followed by some groundwater pollution and environmental problems caused by mine closures. This paper studies a series of Hydrogeological effects caused by mine closures, pollution principles and disasters easily induced by mine closures; it primarily analyzes mine closure treatment and prevention measures, summarizes some practical ways and methods to the protection of groundwater resources in conjunction with the prevention technologies and lessons at home and abroad, and it gives some recommendations on the future development trend.