The reoccurrence of occupational accidents in Sudan is evidence of a lack of effective Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) governance in Sudan. This scope review research articles on OSH governance in Sudan from different sources, including international websites, official government websites, original research articles in journals, and various reports. The five stages of the scoping review followed in this study are: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. There is numerous legislation in place; however, there is no evidence of their enforcement, and no formal bodies at the national level are identified as being responsible for their enforcement. Having multiple authorities with overlapping responsibilities hinders OSH governance. An integrated governance model is proposed to eliminate overlapping duties and to facilitate the participation of all stakeholders in the governance process.

Objectives. Interest regarding the associated impact of leadership style on employee safety and well-being across organizational settings is on the rise. Transformational leadership forms part of the six leadership constructs with significant research-focused settings. On this premise, this study examines the role played by the transformational leadership style in enhancing a positive safety climate that promotes safety participation and employee well-being in organizations. Method. Data were generated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). A qualitative literature review of 350 published studies between 2013 and 2023 was performed and 31 studies informed the study outcome. Results. Based on the analysis of each article, the study concluded that transformational leadership does have a positive role in the development of a strategic workplace safety climate and enhancement of employees' psychological well-being and productivity. The study also reveals existing research gaps in this context and provides useful suggestions for future research in both academia and industry. Conclusion. Further research that examines other factors that mediate the relationship between leadership behaviour and employee well-being will assist with understanding of the role of transformational leadership and the promotion of job satisfaction and performance.

Introduction: Since Heinrich's early studies, work has been recognized as a substantial contributor to psychological and physical illness. Fast technological, economic, and social advancements have increased the number of occupational fatalities and illnesses in developing nations. Nonetheless, it is demonstrated that the creation, application, and enforcement of Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (OSHMS) reduce accidents and enhance employees' well-being. This study aims to understand Sudan's current occupational safety and health situation and identify any challenges or gaps in the current system. Methods: A mixed methods approach deploying a literature review and secondary data was adopted to answer the research question about the status of occupational health and safety in Sudan. Results: A comparison of the artisanal and organized gold mining sectors over the years 2018-2020 shows an increase in the number of accidents in the artisanal sector but a sharp decrease in both the number and severity of accidents in the organized sector. The frequency rate declined in the organized sector but fluctuated in the artisanal sector. It was also found that many OSH incidents of different types and levels of severity occurred. In 2020, the Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) was 66.48 in artisanal gold mining, 0.55 in organized gold mining, and 0.01 in oil and gas. However, calculating and comparing other sectors' performance indicators to evaluate OSH's status was not possible for many reasons. Conclusion: Findings were constrained, possibly due to the limited occupational health and safety data. There is an urgent need to strengthen and improve the governance of occupational safety and health in Sudan. A more comprehensive study needs to be undertaken to assess the status of the OSH in formal and non-formal sectors and investigate the correlation of OSH to workers’ well-being and the Sudanese economy.

The growing spate of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles (termed vehicular motor emissions, VME) has raised concerns about their impacts on human health and the environment. VME research has also provided insights into the transportation sector's impact on global warming and climate change. According to the Scopus database, VME research has produced over 60,000 documents. Given the significant data, conducting a systematic review of the published documents is imperative to present current and future researchers with critical information and a comprehensive understanding of research developments and scientific growth in the field. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the publication trends, significant stakeholders, emerging developments, and research landscape on VME from 2007 to 2021 using scopus data. The results showed that the number of published documents on VME research increased from 159 in 2007 to 551 in 2021, indicating an enormous 246.54% increase over the last 15 years. The field's most preferred document type and journal sources are "articles" (62.2%) and SAE Technical Papers. The field's most prominent researcher is Ye Wu, with 53 documents, whereas Tsinghua University is the most prolific affiliation. The analysis of the emerging developments and research landscape on VME examined by systematic literature review showed that VMEs comprise nano/ultrafine particulate matter (PM), oxides of carbon (COx), nitrogen (NOx), sulphur (SOx), secondary organic aerosols (SOA), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), among others. Hence, studies have recommended designing, developing, and deploying control systems (comprising oxidation catalysts, particulate filters, and selective catalytic reduction), innovative technologies, and sustainable strategies to mitigate VMEs worldwide.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the occupational health and safety of workers within Oman context. Study design: A quantitative approach was used to collect and analyse data on participants’ perceptions, on benefits, challenges, and preferences among professionals engaged in safety. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 125 health and safety professionals across selected workplace in Oman. The study sample included engineers, healthcare professionals, and health and safety practitioners who use artificial intelligence within their daily tasks. The study sample was chosen purposively. SPSS software version 26.0 was used to analyze quantitative data. Results: The results of this study indicate a wide support for the deployment of Artificial Intelligence within safety management domain, with some concerns regarding privacy, data reliability, and job security. There were no statistically significant differences in perception among participants roles, indicating consistent views on AI adoption in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) domain. However, the results might have been influenced by the predominance of younger more technologically savvy participants. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence is considered a valuable addition to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) systems in Oman, and by extension, in the GCC and the world. To guarantee an effective integration of AI into OHS in Oman, it is essential to establish national training and readiness initiatives to enhance workforce skills and digital proficiency across various sectors. This study proposes a clear roadmap for the deployment of AI within OHS in Oman by highlighting the relevant concerns. It also provides practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners in support of safer and more resilient workplaces while incorporating advanced technologies into OHS practices.

This study presents an integrated bibliometric analysis (BA) and systematic literature review (SLR) of construction safety research (CSR) to examine its evolution and emerging technological directions. It aims to move beyond descriptive mapping by linking long-term research trends with recent technological advancements to provide a structured understanding of how construction safety is transitioning toward data-driven and resilient systems. Utilising the PRISMA-guided approach, 1979 publications were analysed, revealing an average annual growth rate of 18%, driven by increasing safety concerns and the rapid implementation of digital technologies. The findings demonstrate that conventional safety research, centred on hazard identification, safety culture, and management commitment, is gradually being complemented by advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), extended reality (XR), and digital twins. These technologies enable predictive risk assessment, real-time monitoring, and immersive training, supporting a shift from reactive to proactive safety management. Despite these advancements, critical gaps remain, including limited real-world validation of AI-based systems, insufficient integration of technologies into cohesive frameworks, and underexplored socio-cultural factors influencing adoption. These challenges were addressed by proposing a research-to-practice framework for integrating emerging technologies into construction safety management. The framework incorporates technological, organisational, and human factors to enhance adaptability, risk management, and overall construction project resilience. Additionally, the research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive and analytically grounded framework that bridges the gap between research and practical implementation, while also identifying future research directions to support the development of intelligent, resilient, and adaptive construction safety systems.