The nutritional content of fermented fertilizers was determined, and the effect of its application in combination with hydrogel was evaluated in a bioassay with maize plants.
It is relevant to systematize the global knowledge generated about heliconia due to its economic importance in tropical floriculture and the cut flower market. The objective was to explore the results generated in scientific research related to the cultivation of heliconias as cut flower in terms of its methodological approach, research axes, and spatial distribution in terms of the contributions by country. A bibliographic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of science and SciELO based on the keywords “heliconia” and “tropical flowers”. Thereafter, a content analysis of the documents was conducted with the Nvivo software using a priori categories in terms of methodological approach, research axes, year, countries, and cultivars or varieties. The results indicate that the scientific contributions are mostly under a quantitative approach (98.1%). The investigations mainly address productive aspects (74.5%), post-harvest aspects (16.1%), market (6.7%) while industry-used products (2.5%) are scarcely addressed. The countries that make the most contributions are: Brazil (54.5%), Colombia (15.4%) and Mexico (10.9%). The most important species are: H. psittacorum, H. bihai, H. spathocircinata, H. rostrata and H. wagneriana. These results suggest conducting research to identify problems from the physiological, environmental, productive, and economic processes, as well as considering the strategies of farmers as a priority. This must be approached from paradigms where social actors (farmers), their development and the impacts of their social tasks on the cultivation of heliconias are considered the main axis.
27 June 2016 in Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems
Societal responses to climate change are influenced by culture, but this has not been the focus of understanding and adapting to this phenomenon. This process is critical when examining agriculture, an eminently social activity that has an historic perspective and characteristic manners of production expressed by the culture carrying it out. Therefore, the present study analyzes and compares the theoretical–conceptual approaches used in the role of culture in agricultural adaptation to climate change, given the paradigmatic bias in each. This information is essential for the design and implementation of agricultural adaptation strategies having social and cultural viability.
En Molcaxac, Puebla 98 % de los productores de maíz (Zea mays L.) utilizan poblaciones nativas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de grano y caracterizar agronómicamente una muestra de la diversidad de las poblaciones locales de maíz existente en este municipio. En 2007 se evaluaron 56 materiales genéticos –52 poblaciones locales y cuatro híbridos recomendados para la zona– bajo temporal o secano, en tres localidades. Los resultados mostraron que existen poblaciones locales con mayor rendimiento de grano (MX-6, SA-2 y SC-3 con 5.6, 4.8 y 4.5 t ha-1) que las variedades introducidas, lo que muestra mejor adaptación de esas poblaciones nativas a las condiciones de suelo y clima de la región. El análisis de componentes principales definió que las variables con mayor influencia para explicar la variación observada fueron días a floración femenina, número de hojas arriba de la mazorca, área de la hoja de la mazorca, aspecto de planta, longitud de mazorca, número de hileras de grano por mazorca, diámetro de mazorca, longitud de grano, ancho de grano, grosor de grano, diámetro de olote y diámetro de médula. El análisis de conglomerados definió cinco grupos de poblaciones. Se concluye que en la región de Molcaxac, Puebla, existe variación amplia entre los materiales locales de maíz y algunos presentan buen rendimiento para las condiciones de temporal. La variación observada está parcialmente relacionada con el origen geográfico de las poblaciones dentro del municipio.
11 December 2019 in Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
La variedad V-520C de maíz (Zea mays L.) pertenece a la raza Tuxpeño, es originaria de Veracruz (500 msnm) y fue adaptada a los Valles Altos de México (>2 200 msnm) con selección masal visual (SMV) recurrentemente durante 19 ciclos. El objetivo fue evaluar la estabilidad y la adaptación de V-520C original (C0) y los materiales adaptados ciclo 14 (C14) y ciclo 19 (C19) para el rendimiento de grano y calidad de tortilla mediante sitios de regresión (SREG). Entre 2013 y 2014 se evaluaron tres genotipos C0, C14 y C19 en un diseño bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Las evaluaciones se realizaron en el Estado de México y Veracruz con tres experimentos por entidad. El análisis de varianza detectó significancia (p≤ 0.01) entre ambientes, genotipos y la interacción genotipo-ambiente y en los dos primeros componentes principales para las seis variables. SREG indica que C19 tuvo mejor adaptación y estabilidad en rendimiento de grano (3.54 t ha-1), humedad de tortilla a las 24 h (42.72%), rendimiento de tortilla fría (1.44 kg kg-1 maíz) y una fuerza reducida para romper la tortilla (193 gf). La SMV produjo cambios favorables al C19, que tuvo mejor estabilidad y adaptación en Valles Altos de México. Siendo el ambiente Montecillo 2014-PV, el que discriminó entre genotipos y mejor mega-ambiente en las variables. Todos los genotipos y ambientes, con excepción de Tepetates 2014-OI y Coatlinchán 2014-PV, cumplieron con los parámetros requeridos por la norma NMX-034/1 para maíces destinados al proceso de nixtamalización.
The Heliconias have a great potential as a cut flower and for this reason an adequate management of the crop is important. The objective of this research was the application of soil amendments (Biol and superabsorbent polymers - SAP) and the analysis on their effect in the growth of Heliconia psittacorum cv. Tropica. An experiment was established using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions: SAP (1 g plant-1), biol (20 mL plant-1) + SAP (1 g plant-1), biol (20 mL plant-1) and one control (without application). A 20 cm rhizome was planted per pot and were evaluated the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the leaf area and the number of shoots were measured. The analysis of variance did not show statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments for the variables of the height of the plant, the leaf area and the number of shoots, but statistical differences were found for the variable number of leaves (p ≤ 0.05), and the best treatments were Biol, SAP, and Biol + SAP. With the application of the biol and SAP amendments, it was not possible to increase the plant height, the leaf area and the number of Heliconia shoots. Regarding the application of SAP to the not found significant results in Heliconia, it is expected that treatments with SAP show a better effect in the dry season.