Background/Objectives: Conventional pharmacotherapy for the most prevalent human diseases still has limited efficacy. Natural medicines are recognized for their therapeutic efficacy and low side effects. Tamarindus indica is a tropical tree of the Fabaceae family, valued for its multiple uses and the nutritional properties of its fruits. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the nutraceutical value of T. indica, focusing on its phytochemical composition and main health benefits. Methods: For this purpose, a bibliography search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases, including all articles published between 2000 and December 2025. Results: The T. indica fruit contains different phytochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, with therapeutic potential. These compounds exert free radical scavenging activity, improve antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities, exert antimicrobial effects, attenuate the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators, and regulate the expression of lipid metabolism genes. Conclusions: This article presents an integrated analysis summarizing the phytochemical characteristics, mode of action, medical utility, and safe use of T. indica, thereby contributing to a greater understanding of its potential health benefits.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) contains bioactive compounds—particularly chlorogenic acids, quercetin, and rutin—with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: To systematically review the mechanistic and clinical evidence on Ilex paraguariensis and its main constituents in RA-relevant inflammatory, oxidative, and bone metabolic pathways. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies included yerba mate preparations (last 10 years) or isolated compounds (last 5 years) assessing RA-relevant clinical, inflammatory, oxidative, or bone metabolic outcomes. Non-original studies were excluded. Owing to heterogeneity, findings were narratively synthesized, and risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, OHAT, and SYRCLE. Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria: 11 human (clinical or observational), 7 human-based in vitro, and 5 animal studies. Interventions with yerba mate infusions or standardized extracts suggest reductions in inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) and indicate improvements in glutathione-related oxidative balance. Evidence from isolated compounds, particularly quercetin and rutin, suggests comparable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Preclinical studies appear to indicate modulation of inflammatory and redox pathways relevant to RA. Conclusions: Yerba mate and its constituents show preliminary indications of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects with potential relevance to RA pathophysiology. However, in the absence of clinical trials in RA patients, conclusions remain tentative, constrained by small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, species differences, and internal validity concerns. Future research should include rigorously designed randomized trials and mechanistic studies using advanced human-relevant platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-chip systems.

Resumen Introducción. La insuficiencia venosa crónica puede tener complicaciones graves como úlceras flebostáticas en las extremidades inferiores. Se ha establecido que la aplicación de plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo (PRP) es una opción segura y eficaz en el tratamiento de las úlceras crónicas, siendo empleado como terapia adyuvante. El uso de PRP ozonizado en el tratamiento de estas úlceras no ha sido muy estudiado, pero clínicamente puede ser una alternativa beneficiosa. Presentación del caso. Mujer de 65 años, diagnosticada con insuficiencia venosa crónica a los 42 años, quien asistió a consulta externa por el servicio de angiología y cirugía vascular por una úlcera flebostática en una de sus extremidades inferiores. La paciente recibió cinco aplicaciones de PRP activado con ozono-cloruro de calcio y membranas de fibrina como tratamiento complementario. A partir de la segunda aplicación se observó una mayor epitelización en el área de la lesión; la cicatrización completa de la úlcera se logró 6 semanas después de finalizado el tratamiento. No se registraron reacciones adversas graves y la paciente refirió una disminución del dolor y mejoría en la realización de actividad física. Conclusiones. La aplicación local de PRP activado con ozono-cloruro de calcio y membranas de fibrina resultó ser una intervención útil para el tratamiento de la úlcera flebostática en el miembro inferior de la paciente reportada, ya que este estimuló la epitelización y cierre de las heridas, lo cual le mejoró la calidad de vida. Abstract Introduction: Chronic venous insufficiency may lead to serious complications such as phlebostatic ulcers in the lower limbs. It has been established that the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a safe and effective option in the treatment of chronic ulcers as an adjuvant therapy. The use of PPR combined with ozone in the treatment of these ulcers has not been extensively studied, but it may be a beneficial alternative in clinical terms. Case presentation: A 65-year-old woman, diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency at the age of 42, visited the angiology and vascular surgery outpatient department due to a phlebostatic ulcer in one of her lower extremities. The patient received five injections of PRP activated with ozone-calcium chloride and fibrin membranes as a complementary treatment. From the second administration onwards, increased epithelialization was observed in the area of the lesion; complete healing of the ulcer was achieved 6 weeks after the end of the treatment. No serious adverse reactions were reported, and the patient stated that pain decreased and physical activity improved. Conclusions: The local administration of PRP activated with ozone-calcium chloride and fibrin membranes proved to be a useful intervention for the treatment of the phlebostatic ulcer in the lower limb of the patient reported, since it stimulated epithelialization and wound closure, improving her quality of life.

Context: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) induce oxidative stress, highlighting the need for bio-oxidative alternatives. Aims: To evaluate the effects of two consecutive cycles of medical ozone therapy in HIV-seropositive patients and compare the results of both cycles using clinical indicators and redox biomarkers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted following a research protocol, including 25 HIV-seropositive patients undergoing ART, who received medical ozone therapy via rectal insufflation (volumes of 150–300 mL in a stepwise manner) in 12 sessions over one month, with two cycles spaced three months apart. The initial and final evaluation included hematological and biochemical laboratory tests, absolute T-CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load, and seven plasma redox balance indicators. Final variable values were compared with baseline values and a supposedly healthy individual group (SHIG). Adverse reactions were recorded. Results: ART showed beneficial effects in 78% of cases, with no significant differences in hematological and biochemical variables (p>0.05) between the treated group at the beginning and end of the study. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the mean values of malondialdehyde concentration, reduced glutathione, hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products, and peroxidation potential at the end of the study compared to baseline values and SHIG. Conclusions: The beneficial effects of two cycles of medical ozone therapy combined with ART demonstrated a 74% simultaneous modification in reducing oxidation of proteins and lipids and an increase in cellular immune indicators in the studied patients. No hematological or blood toxicity, adverse events, or drug interactions were observed.