Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor of infancy, characterized by a unique life cycle encompassing a rapid proliferative phase followed by spontaneous involution. Although the majority of cases exhibit a favorable prognosis, a small subset may be complicated by severe sequelae that adversely affect the physical and mental health of affected infants. Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of IH involves a dynamic imbalance between angiogenesis and involution, which is tightly governed by the multilineage differentiation of hemangioma stem cells, core signaling pathway networks, and epigenetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and involution will provide novel insights into both the fundamental biology and clinical management of IH. Furthermore, multiple bioactive constituents of the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) have demonstrated anti-angiogenic and pro-involution potential in tumor and ischemia models. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of IH angiogenesis and involution, and critically discusses the regulatory effects of Danshen active components on these processes, with the aim of offering a theoretical foundation for elucidating IH pathogenesis and facilitating the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Sleep disturbance is a prevalent health problem associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. Here, we show that Guipi Tang (GPT) combined with probiotics is associated with improvements in pentobarbital-induced sleep responses and hippocampal injury in mice. Compared with individual treatments, the combined intervention showed improvements in several measured outcomes and was associated with changes in gut microbial composition, inflammatory markers, and hippocampal injury. 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) sequencing (n = 5 per group) revealed alterations in gut microbial composition following sleep deprivation, while the combined treatment modulated the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa. Furthermore, serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) differed significantly among groups (n = 5 per group; F (4,20) = 3.959, p = 0.0159 and F (4,20) = 10.26, p = 0.0001, respectively). Western blot analysis (n = 4 per group) revealed significant differences in the expression of autophagy-related markers, including ATG5 (F (4,15) = 8.319, p = 0.0032), Beclin-1 (F (4,15) = 13.62, p < 0.0001), the LC3-II (F (4,15) = 13.56, p < 0.0001), and p62 (F (4,15) = 5.870, p = 0.0048). Compared with the Model group, combined treatment significantly increased ATG5, LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression, while reducing p62 expression. In addition, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased significantly following combined treatment (n = 4 per group, p < 0.01 vs. Model), accompanied by a reduction in TUNEL-positive cells. Changes in Akt phosphorylation were also observed, although the relationship between Akt signaling and autophagy requires further investigation. Collectively, these findings suggest that GPT combined with probiotics is associated with improvements in pentobarbital-induced sleep responses and hippocampal injury in sleep-deprived mice, accompanied by changes in gut microbial composition, inflammatory markers, and Akt-associated autophagy-related signaling.

A one-pot bio-inspired synthesis approach was employed to fabricate five types of uricase nanoflowers (UOx-NFs), from which Mn-UOx-NFs with the highest catalytic activity were selected. The Mn-UOx-NFs were successfully integrated with magnetic-responsive Fe₃O₄@CeO₂ quantum dots to create efficient loaded dual nanozymes (LDNs). The LDNs demonstrated excellent temperature and storage stability. After being reused 7 times, 18.5% of the enzymatic activity was still retained. Based on the LDNs, a reusable and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of uric acid in urine was established. The colorimetric detection system exhibited a good linear relationship between uric acid concentration and optical density values at 652 nm within the range of 1–55 µmol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 0.37 µmol L⁻¹.

Compounds containing sulfur are the primary components of anti-radiation drugs and represent a key focus in the innovative design and discovery of pharmaceuticals. The adverse effects of synthetic sulfur-containing radiation protective agents are significant concerns that cannot be overlooked. It is imperative to identify natural sulfur compounds that exhibit low toxicity and high efficacy as radiation protection agents. Cruciferous plants demonstrate notable resistance to ionizing radiation. The literature review revealed that Lepidii semen and Descurainiae semen, both of which are rich in sulfur compounds and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway regulates radiation-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. We speculate that the sulfur compounds of the Lepidii semen and Descurainiae semen may exert radiation protection by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and this hypothesis was supported by molecular docking analysis. The sulfur compounds (glucotropaeolin, gluconapin, glucoiberverin, glucocappasalin, tropeolin, etc.) demonstrate greater potential.