Sarcopenia and the patient’s nutritional status play an important role in the course of many cardiovascular diseases, including aortic dissection. Disorders of muscle mass and function can affect the body’s ability to recover and the tolerance of surgical and pharmacological treatment. Background/Objectives: In patients with aortic dissection, the presence of sarcopenia may significantly worsen the prognosis and reduce the chances of survival. Weakening of muscle strength and metabolic disorders associated with poor nutrition negatively affect the body’s ability to regenerate after surgical interventions and conservative treatment. The aim of this review was to search the available literature on sarcopenia and nutritional status and their impact on mortality in patients with aortic dissection. Methods: This paper presents a scoping review and reviews the literature from the last 10 years. In the end, six articles which fit the criteria were included in this review. Conclusions: Studies indicate that the presence of sarcopenia correlates with a higher risk of complications and death, so the assessment of nutritional status and muscle function should be an integral part of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with aortic pathology. Nutritional assessment and early nutritional intervention are key to improving the prognosis and quality of life of these patients.

Oxidative stress and sarcopenia are increasingly perceived as interdependent processes that significantly affect the course of cardiovascular diseases. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species leads to muscle cell damage, mitochondrial disorders, and chronic inflammation, which promote progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Methods: The aim of the study was to analyze the mechanisms linking oxidative stress and sarcopenia in the course of cardiovascular diseases. Our scoping review initially identified 854 articles, of which 3 were ultimately included in the review (after removing duplicates (n = 118), 736 articles remained; after re-screening the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 302), 434 articles remained; 196 publications lacked full text and were excluded, leaving 238 articles). Results: An examination of the available literature indicates a potential association between increased oxidative stress and the possible development of sarcopenia in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. The studies identified in this review suggest that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, together with reduced antioxidant capacity, may contribute to muscle fiber damage, mitochondrial disturbances, and the activation of chronic inflammatory processes, which could in turn be involved in the accelerated decline of muscle mass and strength. Conclusions: These results confirm that oxidative stress is a key pathophysiological element linking both disease entities and may be an important target of therapeutic interventions.

Introduction: Perioperative factors can significantly accelerate the development of sarcopenia in patients with aortic dissection, weakening their metabolic and functional reserves. Progressive sarcopenia after surgery is associated with a worse prognosis, increased mortality, and a higher risk of complications, which makes its early diagnosis and prevention key elements of care for this group of patients. Methods: The study included 116 patients hospitalized from April 2022 to May 2025 due to aortic dissection. Prospective studies were conducted using standardized tools as well as clinical data. The effect of blood transfusion, grip strength as measured with a hand dynamometer, and survival of patients after aortic dissection 3 months postoperatively were evaluated. Results: In the group of patients with a high risk of stroke, completely dependent and suffering from insomnia, transfusions were used significantly more often. SGA scores, CHA2DS2-VA score, and Barthel scale scores were dependent on the level of pain at discharge. Grip strength was significantly higher among patients who survived 3 months. The differences reached statistical significance on the second postoperative day. Conclusion: The results indicate that malnutrition is a key factor in the clinical condition of patients, increasing the risk of sarcopenia, stroke, and the severity of insomnia. At the same time, a higher degree of malnutrition is associated with reduced functional independence, which in turn affects the patient’s overall condition. The study found that malnutrition is a key factor in worsening the clinical condition of patients with aortic dissection, increasing the risk of sarcopenia, stroke and exacerbation of insomnia. The relationship between lower self-reliance and higher insomnia levels underscores the complex interplay among nutritional status, physical functioning, and sleep quality.