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Matthias Zeisberger
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany

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Communication
Published: 24 July 2021 in Photonics
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The efficient incoupling of light into particular fibers at large angles is essential for a multitude of applications; however, this is difficult to achieve with commonly used fibers due to low numerical aperture. Here, we demonstrate that commonly used optical fibers functionalized with arrays of metallic nanodots show substantially improved large-angle light-collection performances at multiple wavelengths. In particular, we show that at visible wavelengths, higher diffraction orders contribute significantly to the light-coupling efficiency, independent of the incident polarization, with a dominant excitation of the fundamental mode. The experimental observation is confirmed by an analytical model, which directly suggests further improvement in incoupling efficiency through the use of powerful nanostructures such as metasurface or dielectric gratings. Therefore, our concept paves the way for high-performance fiber-based optical devices and is particularly relevant within the context of endoscopic-type applications in life science and light collection within quantum technology.

ACS Style

Ning Wang; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Markus Schmidt. Nanograting-Enhanced Optical Fibers for Visible and Infrared Light Collection at Large Input Angles. Photonics 2021, 8, 295 .

AMA Style

Ning Wang, Matthias Zeisberger, Uwe Hübner, Markus Schmidt. Nanograting-Enhanced Optical Fibers for Visible and Infrared Light Collection at Large Input Angles. Photonics. 2021; 8 (8):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Wang; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Markus Schmidt. 2021. "Nanograting-Enhanced Optical Fibers for Visible and Infrared Light Collection at Large Input Angles." Photonics 8, no. 8: 295.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2018 in Optics Express
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Focusing light represents one of the fundamental optical functionalities that is used in a countless number of situations. Here we introduce the concept of nano-bore optical fiber mediated light focusing that allows to efficiently focus light at micrometer distance from the fiber end face. Since the focusing effect is provided by the fundamental fiber mode, device implementation is extremely straightforward since no post-processing or nano-structuring is necessary. Far-field measurements on implemented fibers, simulations, and a dual-Gaussian beam toy model confirm the validity of the concept. Due to its unique properties such as strong light localization, a close to 100% implementation success rate, extremely high reproducibility, and its compatibility with current fiber circuitry, the concept will find application in numerous areas that demand to focus at remote distances.

ACS Style

Henrik Schneidewind; Matthias Zeisberger; Malte Plidschun; Stefan Weidlich; Markus A. Schmidt. Photonic candle – focusing light using nano-bore optical fibers. Optics Express 2018, 26, 31706 -31716.

AMA Style

Henrik Schneidewind, Matthias Zeisberger, Malte Plidschun, Stefan Weidlich, Markus A. Schmidt. Photonic candle – focusing light using nano-bore optical fibers. Optics Express. 2018; 26 (24):31706-31716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henrik Schneidewind; Matthias Zeisberger; Malte Plidschun; Stefan Weidlich; Markus A. Schmidt. 2018. "Photonic candle – focusing light using nano-bore optical fibers." Optics Express 26, no. 24: 31706-31716.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2018 in Fibers
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Here, we analyze the dispersion behavior of revolver-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers, revealing that the chromatic dispersion of this type of fiber geometry is dominated by the resonances of the glass annuluses, whereas the actual arrangement of the anti-resonant microstructure has a minor impact. Based on these findings, we show that the dispersion behavior of the fundamental core mode can be approximated by that of a tube-type fiber, allowing us to derive analytic expressions for phase index, group-velocity dispersion and zero-dispersion wavelength. The resulting equations and simulations reveal that the emergence of zero group velocity dispersion in anti-resonant fibers is fundamentally associated with the adjacent annulus resonance which can be adjusted mainly via the glass thickness of the anti-resonant elements. Due to their generality and the straightforward applicability, our findings will find application in all fields addressing controlling and engineering of pulse dispersion in anti-resonant hollow core fibers.

ACS Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Alexander Hartung; Markus A. Schmidt. Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers. Fibers 2018, 6, 68 .

AMA Style

Matthias Zeisberger, Alexander Hartung, Markus A. Schmidt. Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers. Fibers. 2018; 6 (4):68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Alexander Hartung; Markus A. Schmidt. 2018. "Understanding Dispersion of Revolver-Type Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fibers." Fibers 6, no. 4: 68.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2018 in Optical Materials Express
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Here we present a novel fabrication approach that allows for the implementation of sophisticated planar nanostructures with deep subwavelength dimensions on fiber end faces by electron beam lithography. Specifically, we planarize the end faces of fiber bundles such that they are compatible with planar nanostructuring technology, with the result that fibers can be treated in the same way as typical wafers, opening up the entire field of nanotechnology for fiber optics. To demonstrate our approach, we have implemented densely-packed arrays of gold nanotrimers on the end face of 50 cm long standard single mode fibers, showing asymmetrical resonance lineshapes that arise due to the interplay of diffractive coupling of the individual timer response at infrared wavelengths that overlap with the single mode regime of typical telecommunication fibers. Refractive index sensing experiments suggest sensitivities of about 390 nm/RIU, representing the state-of-the-art for such a device type. Due to its unique capability of making optical fibers compatible with planar nanostructuring technology, we anticipate our approach to be applied in numerous fields including bioanalytics, telecommunications, nonlinear photonics, optical trapping and beam shaping.

ACS Style

Ning Wang; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Markus A. Schmidt. Nanotrimer enhanced optical fiber tips implemented by electron beam lithography. Optical Materials Express 2018, 8, 2246 -2255.

AMA Style

Ning Wang, Matthias Zeisberger, Uwe Hübner, Markus A. Schmidt. Nanotrimer enhanced optical fiber tips implemented by electron beam lithography. Optical Materials Express. 2018; 8 (8):2246-2255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Wang; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Markus A. Schmidt. 2018. "Nanotrimer enhanced optical fiber tips implemented by electron beam lithography." Optical Materials Express 8, no. 8: 2246-2255.

Author correction
Published: 24 January 2018 in Scientific Reports
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A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

ACS Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. Author Correction: Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1743 .

AMA Style

Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt. Author Correction: Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. 2018. "Author Correction: Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1743.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Due to their promising applications, hollow-core fibers, in particular, their anti-resonant versions, have recently attracted the attention of the photonics community. Here, we introduce a model that approximates, using the reflection of a wave on a single planar film, modal guidance in tube-type anti-resonant waveguides whose core diameters are large compared to the wavelength. The model yields analytic expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the complex effective index of the leaky modes supported, and is valid in all practically relevant situations, excellently matching all the important dispersion and loss parameters. Essential principles such as the fourth power dependence of the modal loss on the core radius at all wavelengths and the geometry-independent transition refractive index, below which modal discrimination favors the fundamental mode are discussed. As application examples, we use our model for understanding higher-order mode suppression in revolver-type fibers and for uncovering the tuning capabilities associated with nonlinear pulse propagation.

ACS Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt. Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. 2017. "Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2017 in Optics Express
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We present a single-channel photonic band gap fiber design allowing for guiding light inside a water core, which is surrounded by solid microstructured cladding, consisting of an array of high refractive index strands in silica. We address all relevant properties and show that the microstructure substantially reduces loss. We also introduce a ray reflection model, matching numerical modelling and allowing for time-effective large-scale parameter sweeps. Our single channel fiber concept is particularly valuable for applications demanding fast and reliable injection of liquids into the core, with potential impact in fields such as optofluidics, spectroscopy or bioanalytics.

ACS Style

Guangrui Li; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. Guiding light in a water core all-solid cladding photonic band gap fiber – an innovative platform for fiber-based optofluidics. Optics Express 2017, 25, 22467 .

AMA Style

Guangrui Li, Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt. Guiding light in a water core all-solid cladding photonic band gap fiber – an innovative platform for fiber-based optofluidics. Optics Express. 2017; 25 (19):22467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangrui Li; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. 2017. "Guiding light in a water core all-solid cladding photonic band gap fiber – an innovative platform for fiber-based optofluidics." Optics Express 25, no. 19: 22467.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2017 in Journal of the Optical Society of America B
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Detecting the scattering process of individual nano-objects using optical fibers is a promising fast, reliable, and label-free detection scheme with strong potential in fields such as bioanalytics or disease diagnostics. Here we investigate the influence of single nano-object scattering on the transmission of the fundamental mode of fiber tapers. We use an analytic equation for the key parameter related to particle-induced scattering—the effective modal scattering area—and reveal optimal structural and spectral dependencies and limitations. As examples we determine the minimal detectable particle diameter of two sorts of nanoparticles, showing that silica tapers with a diameter of the order of 500 nm allow straightforward detection of plasmonic nanoparticles and polymer beads with diameters of 40 nm and 150 nm, respectively.

ACS Style

Mario Chemnitz; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. Performance limits of single nano-object detection with optical fiber tapers. Journal of the Optical Society of America B 2017, 34, 1833 -1841.

AMA Style

Mario Chemnitz, Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt. Performance limits of single nano-object detection with optical fiber tapers. Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 2017; 34 (9):1833-1841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Chemnitz; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. 2017. "Performance limits of single nano-object detection with optical fiber tapers." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 34, no. 9: 1833-1841.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in APL Photonics
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Metasurfaces have revolutionized photonics due to their ability to shape phase fronts as requested and to tune beam directionality using nanoscale metallic or dielectric scatterers. Here we reveal inverse metasurfaces showing superior properties compared to their positive counterparts if transmission mode operation is considered. The key advantage of such slot-type metasurfaces is the strong reduction of light in the parallel-polarization state, making the crossed-polarization, being essential for metasurface operation, dominant and highly visible. In the experiment, we show an up to four times improvement in polarizationextinction for the individual metasurface element geometry consisting of deep subwavelength nanoboomerangs with feature sizes of the order of 100 nm. As confirmed by simulations, strong plasmonic hybridization yields two spectrally separated plasmonic resonances, ultimately allowing for the desired phase and scattering engineering in transmission. Due to the design flexibility of inverse metasurfaces, a large number of highly integrated ultra-flat photonic elements can be envisioned, examples of which include monolithic lenses for telecommunications and spectroscopy, beam shaper or generator for particle trapping or acceleration or sophisticated polarization control for microscopy.

ACS Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Henrik Schneidewind; Uwe Huebner; Juergen Popp; Markus Schmidt. Nanoboomerang-based inverse metasurfaces—A promising path towards ultrathin photonic devices for transmission operation. APL Photonics 2017, 2, 036102 .

AMA Style

Matthias Zeisberger, Henrik Schneidewind, Uwe Huebner, Juergen Popp, Markus Schmidt. Nanoboomerang-based inverse metasurfaces—A promising path towards ultrathin photonic devices for transmission operation. APL Photonics. 2017; 2 (3):036102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Henrik Schneidewind; Uwe Huebner; Juergen Popp; Markus Schmidt. 2017. "Nanoboomerang-based inverse metasurfaces—A promising path towards ultrathin photonic devices for transmission operation." APL Photonics 2, no. 3: 036102.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2016 in Optics Letters
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The marker-free and noninvasive detection of small traces of analytes in aqueous solution using integrated optical resonators is an emerging technique within bioanalytics. Here, we present a single-mode silicon-nitride stadium resonator operating at the red edge of the visible spectrum, showing sensitivities larger than 200 nm/RIU and transmission dips with extinction ratios of more than 15 dB. We introduce a mathematical model that allows analyzing of the resonator sensitivity using the properties of the guided mode only. Large geometric parameter scans using finite element simulations show that optimal sensing conditions are achieved for TM-polarized modes close to the modal cutoff. Due to its compactness and the short operation wavelength, we anticipate applications of our resonator for integrated bioanalytics.

ACS Style

Mario Chemnitz; Gabriele Schmidl; Anka Schwuchow; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Karina Weber; Markus A. Schmidt. Enhanced sensitivity in single-mode silicon nitride stadium resonators at visible wavelengths. Optics Letters 2016, 41, 5377 -5380.

AMA Style

Mario Chemnitz, Gabriele Schmidl, Anka Schwuchow, Matthias Zeisberger, Uwe Hübner, Karina Weber, Markus A. Schmidt. Enhanced sensitivity in single-mode silicon nitride stadium resonators at visible wavelengths. Optics Letters. 2016; 41 (22):5377-5380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Chemnitz; Gabriele Schmidl; Anka Schwuchow; Matthias Zeisberger; Uwe Hübner; Karina Weber; Markus A. Schmidt. 2016. "Enhanced sensitivity in single-mode silicon nitride stadium resonators at visible wavelengths." Optics Letters 41, no. 22: 5377-5380.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2016 in Optics Express
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We present a mathematical model that allows interpreting the dispersion and attenuation of modes in hollow-core fibers (HCFs) on the basis of single interface reflection, giving rise to analytic and semi-analytic expressions for the complex effective indices in the case where the core diameter is large and the guiding is based on the reflection by a thin layer. Our model includes two core-size independent reflection parameters and shows the universal inverse-cubed core diameter dependence of the modal attenuation of HCFs. It substantially reduces simulation complexity and enables large scale parameter sweeps, which we demonstrate on the example of a HCF with a highly anisotropic metallic nanowire cladding, resembling an indefinite metamaterial at high metal filling fractions. We reveal design rules that allow engineering modal discrimination and show that metamaterial HCFs can principally have low losses at mid-IR wavelengths (< 1 dB/m at 10.6 µm). Our model can be applied to a great variety of HCFs with large core diameters and can be used for advanced HCF design and performance optimization, in particular with regard to dispersion engineering and modal discrimination.

ACS Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Alessandro Tuniz; Markus A. Schmidt. Analytic model for the complex effective index dispersion of metamaterial-cladding large-area hollow core fibers. Optics Express 2016, 24, 20515 .

AMA Style

Matthias Zeisberger, Alessandro Tuniz, Markus A. Schmidt. Analytic model for the complex effective index dispersion of metamaterial-cladding large-area hollow core fibers. Optics Express. 2016; 24 (18):20515.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Zeisberger; Alessandro Tuniz; Markus A. Schmidt. 2016. "Analytic model for the complex effective index dispersion of metamaterial-cladding large-area hollow core fibers." Optics Express 24, no. 18: 20515.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Optics Express
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We analyze the modal attenuation properties of silica hollow-core fibers with a gold-wire based indefinite metamaterial cladding at 10.6 µm. We find that by varying the metamaterial feature sizes and core diameter, the loss discrimination can be tailored such that either the HE11, TE01 or TM01 mode has the lowest loss, which is particularly difficult to achieve for the radially polarized mode in commonly used hollow-core fibers. Furthermore, it is possible to tailor the HE11 and TM01 modes in the metamaterial-clad waveguide so that they possess attenuations lower than in hollow tubes composed of the individual constituent materials. We show that S-parameter retrieval techniques in combination with an anisotropic dispersion equation can be used to predict the loss discrimination properties of such fibers. These results pave the way for the design of metamaterial hollow-core fibers with novel guidance properties, in particular for applications demanding cylindrically polarized modes.

ACS Style

Alessandro Tuniz; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. Tailored loss discrimination in indefinite metamaterial-clad hollow-core fibers. Optics Express 2016, 24, 15702 .

AMA Style

Alessandro Tuniz, Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt. Tailored loss discrimination in indefinite metamaterial-clad hollow-core fibers. Optics Express. 2016; 24 (14):15702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Tuniz; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt. 2016. "Tailored loss discrimination in indefinite metamaterial-clad hollow-core fibers." Optics Express 24, no. 14: 15702.

Research article
Published: 03 November 2015 in ACS Nano
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High-speed tracking of single particles is a gateway to understanding physical, chemical, and biological processes at the nanoscale. It is also a major experimental challenge, particularly for small, nanometer-scale particles. Although methods such as confocal or fluorescence microscopy offer both high spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratios, the fluorescence emission lifetime limits the measurement speed, while photobleaching and thermal diffusion limit the duration of measurements. Here we present a tracking method based on elastic light scattering that enables long-duration measurements of nanoparticle dynamics at rates of thousands of frames per second. We contain the particles within a single-mode silica fiber having a subwavelength, nanofluidic channel and illuminate them using the fiber’s strongly confined optical mode. The diffusing particles in this cylindrical geometry are continuously illuminated inside the collection focal plane. We show that the method can track unlabeled dielectric particles as small as 20 nm as well as individual cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) virions—26 nm in size and 4.6 megadaltons in mass—at rates of over 3 kHz for durations of tens of seconds. Our setup is easily incorporated into common optical microscopes and extends their detection range to nanometer-scale particles and macromolecules. The ease-of-use and performance of this technique support its potential for widespread applications in medical diagnostics and micro total analysis systems.

ACS Style

Sanli Faez; Yoav Lahini; Stefan Weidlich; Rees F. Garmann; Katrin Wondraczek; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt; Michel Orrit; Vinothan N. Manoharan. Fast, Label-Free Tracking of Single Viruses and Weakly Scattering Nanoparticles in a Nanofluidic Optical Fiber. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 12349 -12357.

AMA Style

Sanli Faez, Yoav Lahini, Stefan Weidlich, Rees F. Garmann, Katrin Wondraczek, Matthias Zeisberger, Markus A. Schmidt, Michel Orrit, Vinothan N. Manoharan. Fast, Label-Free Tracking of Single Viruses and Weakly Scattering Nanoparticles in a Nanofluidic Optical Fiber. ACS Nano. 2015; 9 (12):12349-12357.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanli Faez; Yoav Lahini; Stefan Weidlich; Rees F. Garmann; Katrin Wondraczek; Matthias Zeisberger; Markus A. Schmidt; Michel Orrit; Vinothan N. Manoharan. 2015. "Fast, Label-Free Tracking of Single Viruses and Weakly Scattering Nanoparticles in a Nanofluidic Optical Fiber." ACS Nano 9, no. 12: 12349-12357.