Introducción: La extensión de herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), impulsada en gran medida por modelos generativos, está marcando un punto de inflexión social, suscitando diversas actitudes entre la población. Metodología: El objetivo principal es explorar como el conocimiento sobre IA se vincula con las actitudes hacia esta, observando su relación con variables como edad, nivel de estudios o nivel de conocimiento. Se emplea el Estudio 3495 del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas sobre IA, analizando descriptivamente la situación actual, continuando con un contraste de medias, concluyendo con un Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples sobre los perfiles actitudinales. Resultados: Se refleja una división emocional, predominando la incertidumbre, además de identificar sentimientos optimistas con un mayor conocimiento en IA, alta formación y en personas jóvenes. En cambio, el miedo predomina entre mayores de 65 años y con estudios básicos. Discusión: Los factores sociodemográficos enfatizados por la literatura al afrontar la IA, como la edad o el nivel educativo se muestran claves, mientras el conocimiento y familiarización con estas tecnologías, y sobre todo la legitimidad precisan de mayor investigación. Conclusiones: La percepción ante la IA refleja factores de desigualdad social, subrayando la presencia continuada de brechas preexistentes y la necesidad de una alfabetización digital equitativa.

The Delphi method is widely employed in social and health research to explore complex problems, structure expert knowledge, and support collective processes of knowledge development. However, its qualitative and mixed-method applications sometimes display methodological ambiguity and limited standardization. In particular, the early stages of open-ended question design and narrative data analysis remain insufficiently defined, hindering comparability, transparency, and theoretical depth. This article proposes a systematic methodological framework for the design, analysis, validation and reporting of qualitative and mixed Delphi. Its aim is to contribute to the methodological development of these approaches by synthesizing existing debates and operationalizing procedures for transforming expert narratives into analytically grounded categories through iterative feedback and validation processes. Drawing on selected principles from Grounded Theory, the proposed approach emphasizes the systematic exploration and refinement of meanings, interpretations and expert perspectives. The framework is illustrated through a Delphi study on eHealth conducted in Spain. The case demonstrates how reflexive question formulation, transparent feedback mechanisms, and explicit validation criteria can support the Delphi as a robust strategy for the collective generation of situated, theoretically grounded knowledge. Ultimately, the qualitative Delphi emerges as a deliberative and structured methodology, capable of bridging empirical complexity and theoretical construction while providing a rigorous foundation for evidence-informed public policy. In conclusion, this study presents a methodological framework that highlights the independence and usefulness of the technique in exploratory or emerging contexts.

Objective: This study analyses access to and use of eHealth services in Spain from a multidimensional perspective, considering how sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, educational level, income, nationality and place of residence influence digital divide in health. The digitalisation of public services has generated new opportunities, but it has also accentuated structural inequalities in access to key eHealth tools. Specifically, this study focuses on three components: the Digital Health Record (DHR), electronic prescriptions and digital certificate. Methods: This research is based on a quantitative approach, using data from the three waves of the Health Barometer 2024 of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas—CIS—with a total sample of 7.623 cases. Binary logistic regression models were applied to identify which variables predict the accessibility and usability of these services. Results: The results show that variables such as age, gender, educational level, income, employment status, nationality, place of residence and health status have a significant impact on the probability of using eHealth tools. Especially older people, people with less education or low economic resources present greater barriers, which would evidence a structural and multidimensional digital divide. Conclusion: This study suggests that the digitalisation of the healthcare system may reinforce existing inequalities. Particularly those associated with the factors that showed the greatest influence on access to and use of digital health services in the analysis, such as age, income and educational level. These findings highlight the need for inclusive digital health policies that address the multidimensional nature of digital divide.

Background/Objectives: The advent of the pandemic catalysed the global adoption of digital health services. In Spain, this transition has markedly influenced eHealth accessibility, particularly through mobile-based technologies. This study compares reported real-access experiences of users of digital health at two key moments—2018 (pre-pandemic) and 2025 (post-pandemic)—to identify how access determinants have evolved. Methods: The evolution of users who have accessed digital health resources and their characterization, including the specification of who uses websites and mobile applications, was analyzed using binary logistic regression models for each year. These models incorporated sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of device usage as predictors. Results: Access to digital health services increased significantly between 2018 and 2025. The proportion of the population using such services increased from 50.2% to 85.4%. The use of mobile applications grew from 24.4% to 80.2%. In 2018, access was linked to a wider range of factors, including age, education, municipality size, self-rated health, and computer or tablet use. In contrast, the 2025 model revealed a more concentrated set of determinants. Age emerged as the primary barrier, especially >65 years, reducing the likelihood of eHealth access. Meanwhile, frequent use of digital devices (e.g., computers, smartwatches) was positively correlated with accessing eHealth. Conclusions: The study reveals an increase in access to digital health services in Spain, accompanied by shifts in the factors influencing this access. Notwithstanding technological advances, the digital divide could persist as a major impediment to access for the groups mentioned earlier. This analysis suggests the need for targeted digital inclusion measures, especially as mobile platforms are becoming the main entry point to healthcare services.

Notwithstanding the advances witnessed in the realm of gender equality in university education, the extant scientific literature continues to underscore factors of inequality, including sexual orientation, income disparities and the prejudices and images associated with certain disciplines. Moreover, the advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has served merely to exacerbate these pre-existing imbalances, giving rise to an emergent digital divide. This phenomenon is intricately intertwined with theoretical traditions, such as Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital, which is indispensable for a comprehensive understanding of individuals' life chances. The present study aims to detect whether these gaps persist at university level in the use of different ICT skills (word processing, image design, data management and statistics, and the use of artificial intelligence – AI –) and to identify possible key factors. To this end, 816 students from five European universities were surveyed, exploring their perceptions and uses of technology. The results obtained from this survey allow the conclusion to be drawn that cultural capital appears to be less relevant in technologies that are already incorporated, yet it maintains influence in new technologies (i.e. AI). The results also suggest that country is a more significant determinate than gender, although specific inequalities persist. It is therefore recommended that the research be extended to other scientific disciplines and that it focus on cases in the same geographical area. Pese a la evoluciones en términos de igualdad de género en el campo de la educación universitaria, la literatura científica sigue señalando factores de desigualdad, como la orientación sexual, la renta o los prejuicios e imágenes asociados a algunas disciplinas. Además, las TIC han resituado algunos de estas variables y han supuesto una nueva brecha, la digital. Esto se une a tradiciones teóricas como la relativa al capital cultural de Bourdieu, clave para entender las oportunidades vitales de las personas. El objetivo del trabajo es detectar si en el ámbito universitario persisten estas brechas en el manejo de distintas competencias TIC (procesadores de textos, diseño de imágenes, gestión de datos y estadísticas y uso de inteligencia artificial –IA–) y localizar posibles factores clave. Para ello, se ha encuestado a 816 estudiantes de cinco universidades europeas, explorando las percepciones y usos tecnológicos. Los resultados permiten concluir que aunque el capital cultural parece menos relevante en tecnologías ya incorporadas, mantiene influencia en aquellas novedosas (IA). Así mismo, sugieren que el país es más determinante que el género, aunque persisten desigualdades específicas y se recomienda ampliar la investigación a otras disciplinas científicas, así como focalizarla en casos del mismo ámbito geográfico.

Desde la Conferencia de Viena (1982) donde se introdujo el concepto de envejecimiento activo, diversos cambios sociales han obligado a revisar el alcance de este. Paralelamente, su consideración ha ido impregnando la agenda de las administraciones públicas españolas y la de organismos transnacionales, reflejado en la sucesiva publicación de documentos de referencia que han enfatizado su definición y sus implicaciones. La literatura científica e institucional que ha abordado la introducción del concepto envejecimiento activo en España es escasa sobre estudios que compendien las acciones planificadas e implementadas por las entidades autonómicas y/o estatales en acciones concretas sobre esto. Dadas las condiciones y necesidades de la población mayor en un contexto de transformación tecnológica, la adopción de nuevas tecnologías y el acceso y uso de internet, son factores influyentes en un debate renovado sobre el concepto de envejecimiento activo, vinculado a aspectos como el control de la salud y al estilo de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es resaltar la orientación de las prácticas y programas llevados a cabo en relación con la difusión y potenciación del envejecimiento activo en toda España, obteniendo un inventario de acciones que sirva de base a investigaciones futuras en esta área de políticas públicas.