Objective: This study aimed to evaluate seasonal effects on the mechanisms of burn injuries in patients requiring hospitalization. Material and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made using the information of 419 hospitalized burns patients, including demographic data, degree and percentage of burn injury, cause and mechanism of burn injury, morbidity and mortality. Burn mechanisms were grouped as thermal burns (flame, boiling liquid, contact), chemical burns and electrical burns. When calculating the percentage of body surface area burned, the rule of nines was applied. Seasonal classification was made appropriate to the northern hemisphere. Results: According to the seasons, the most burns were seen in spring months (n= 130, 31.0%). In the examination of the mechanism of burn injury, the most common type of injury was boiling liquid in 159 patients followed by flame injury in 146 patients. There was an increase in electrical and chemical burns in spring and summer. A statistically significant difference was determined between the types of burns according to the seasons (p= 0.024). The burn injury occurred as a result of a workplace accident in 82 cases, the majority of which were in autumn, and summer, and the difference in the seasons was determined to be statistically significant (p= 0.045). There was a statistically significant increase in the exposure of individuals aged >65 years to boiling liquid burns in winter and summer months (p= 0.014). Conclusion: The results of this study showed a seasonal effect on the types of burn injuries. A higher rate of thermal burns was expected to be found in winter, but this was not the case in patients with indications for hospitalization, as chemical and electrical burns in workplace accidents were seen more frequently in warmer seasons of spring and summer. In this context, burns units should be prepared for patient profiles to vary according to the season.

BACKGROUND: Many predictive factors and scoring systems associated with Fournier's gangrene have been proposed, including comorbidities, vital signs, biochemical and hematological parameters, and demographic characteristics of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the strengths of the scoring systems that have been formed by revealing these factors from a wider perspective and in a larger patient population. METHODS: The patient population included 144 patients, 21 of whom died. Age, biochemical and hematological parameters, Uludag Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (UFGSI), Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI), and Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) scores were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U-test due to their non-parametric distribution. Categorical data such as comorbidities, gender, need for positive inotropes, diversion ostomy status, and UFGSI grading status was analyzed with the Chisquare test, and independent risk factors were determined from the significant data emerging from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Their strengths were compared using the logistic regression model (Fournier's Gangrene Mortality Prediction Model: FGMPM) created through ROC analysis of the FGSI, UFGSI, and ACCI scores. RESULTS: The results of the statistical analyses showed that albumin (p<0.001) and need for positive inotropic support (p<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality and ROC analysis revealed that the created FGMPM regression model (AUC: 0.995) was a stronger model than the FGSI (AUC: 0.874), UFGSI (0.893), and ACCI (0.788) scoring systems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that albumin and the need for positive inotropic support are independent risk factors for mortality. It is thought that the determination of these two parameters can be used to predict mortality more practically than the parameters used in the UFGSI and FGSI.

Aim: The aim of this descriptive study is to determine the frequency of thyroid cancer (TC) and evaluate the changing rates of histopathological types, age and sex distribution of thyroid tumours in our region. Material and Methods: A total of 4917 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for different indications between May 2010 and May 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Patients’ age, sex, selected surgical method and postoperative final pathology results were recorded. All data were evaluated using statistical analyses. Results: Of the 4917 patients, 922 were male (18.8%) and 3995 were female (81.2%). The mean age was 48.3 ± 12.3 (17-84) years. Among all cases 27.1% (1335) of them were malignant and 2.6 % (125) of them were well-differentiated tumours of uncertain malignant potential. The 1335 cases diagnosed with a malignant thyroid tumour had a mean age of 44.7±11.6 years and a female-to-male ratio of 4,3. Of these, 94.9% of them had papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 1.72% had follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 2.32% had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and 0.45% had anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Of the cases with PTC, 62.66% of them had microcarcinoma. Conclusion: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) frequency increases especially in the younger and female population in our region, FTC frequency decreases significantly and MTC is the second most common type of TCs after papillary cancers. In all TCs, the 59.47% PTMC share (mostly detected incidentally, 83.7%) appears to be the result of pathologists examining more tissue blocks and histological sampling over time.

Background/aim: Despite the use of ultrasound guidance, a significant part of thyroid biopsies are nondiagnostic (ND). We aimed to investigate the utility of the preoperative modified systemic inflammation score (mSIS) to predict malignancies in patients with persistent ND thyroid nodules (TNs). Materials and methods: Records of 924 patients underwent thyroidectomy between September 2016 and May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The calculation of mSIS was as follows: mSIS 0 [patients with albumin (ALB) >_ 4.0 g/dL and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) >_ 3.4], mSIS 1 [ALB < 4.0 g/dL or LMR < 3.4], and mSIS 2 [ALB < 4.0 g/dL and LMR < 3.4]. Results: One hundred and thirty-six patients were included in the study. Of the patients with a median age of 49 (21-81) years, 26 (19.1%) were male, and 110 (80.9%) were female. Besides low lymphocyte count (P = 0.03), and ALB levels (P < 0.01), higher BMI (P = 0.02) were also associated with malignancy. In patients classified as mSIS 2, 1 and 0; malignancy rates were 100%, 25.8%, and 16.1%, respectively. The association between preoperative mSIS and thyroid malignancies was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: We recommend that when patients with persistent ND TNs are assigned to mSIS 2 or 1, surgery should not be delayed due to the risk of malignancy.

The aim of this study is to compare patients with and without mastalgia and to analyze the factors affecting mastalgia and its severity. The patient’s age, height, weight, educational status, marital status, and occupation were recorded in all subjects. In addition, the women were asked about the presence of any risk factors for mastalgia, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight gain. The sternal notch to nipple distance (SNND) was measured to determine whether there was breast sagging. Mastalgia was significantly more common in women with BMIs of > 30 kg/m² (OR: 2.94, CI 1.65–5.24), those who were primary school graduates or illiterate (OR: 2.96, CI 1.6–5.46), and those with SNND values of 22–25 cm (OR: 2.94, CI 1.79–4.82). In these women, drinking more than 6 cups of tea a day (OR: 2.15, CI 1.32–3.5), smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (OR: 2.94, CI 1.78–4.83), and drinking alcohol at least once a week (OR: 2.1, CI 1.12–3.91) were found to be important factors that increased the risk of mastalgia. As a result, it has been found that severe mastalgia complaints cause by obesity, sagging breasts, never giving birth, unemployment anxiety, regular smoking, alcohol use, and excessive tea consumption.