The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health, which drives researche

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on Fenton or Fenton-like reactions is an emerging cancer treatment that can both effectively fight cancer and reduce side effects on normal cells and tissues, and it has made important progress in cancer treatment. The catalytic efficiency of Fenton nanocatalysts(F-NCs) directly determines the anticancer effect of CDT. To learn more about this new type of therapy, this review summarizes the recent development of F-NCs that are responsive to tumor microenvironment (TME), and detailedly introduces their material design and action mechanism. Based on the deficiencies of them, some effective strategies to significantly improve the anticancer efficacy of F-NCs are highlighted, which mainly includes increasing the temperature and hydrogen peroxide concentration, reducing the pH, glutathione (GSH) content, and the dependence of F-NCs on acidic environment in the TME. It also discusses the differences between the effect of multi-mode therapy with external energy (light and ultrasound) and the single-mode therapy of CDT. Finally, the challenges encountered in the treatment process, the future development direction of F-NCs, and some suggestions are analyzed to promote CDT to enter the clinical stage in the near future. Graphical Abstract

Carbon-based materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn increasing research attention for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption due to their unique microstructure. In this work, MOF-derived ZrO₂/C octahedra have been successfully synthesized from UIO-66. The ZrO₂ nanoparticles (4–6 nm) were evenly distributed inside the octahedral carbon matrix with an average edge length of 500 nm. Benefiting from the suitable carbonization treatment, which leads to a strong attenuation capacity and a harmonious impedance matching characteristic, superb electromagnetic wave absorption performances with a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of −58.7 dB (16.8 GHz, 1.5 mm) have been achieved. And the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB; RL < −10 dB) could cover 91.3% (3.4–18.0 GHz) of the measured frequency within the thickness range of 1.0–5.0 mm. Thus, the MOF-derived ZrO₂/C nanocomposites with light weight, thin thickness, high stability, strong absorption intensity and ultra-wide absorption bandwidth exhibit huge application potential as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.

The activity levels of key substances (metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen, biological small molecules, etc.) in organisms are closely related to intracellular redox reactions, disease occurrence and treatment, as well as drug absorption and distribution. Fluorescence imaging technology provides a visual tool for medicine, showing great potential in the fields of molecular biology, cellular immunology and oncology. In recent years, organic fluorescent probes have attracted much attention in the bioanalytical field. Among various organic fluorescent probes, fluorescent organic small molecule probes (FOSMPs) have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physicochemical properties, such as good photostability, high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as excellent biocompatibility. FOSMPs have proved to be suitable for in vivo bioimaging and detection. On the basis of the introduction of several primary fluorescence mechanisms, the latest progress of FOSMPs in the applications of bioimaging and detection is comprehensively reviewed. Following this, the preparation and application of fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) that are designed with FOSMPs as fluorophores are overviewed. Additionally, the prospects of FOSMPs in bioimaging and detection are discussed.